CLEAN WATER PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT INDICATORS AND FACTORS: A REVIEW ON ULTRAFILTER MEMBRAN

This review aims to answer the question relating to the problem of measuring the clean water production performance of the Ultrafilter membranes. This review has designed to study the research journal articles recently published (from 2000 to 2022) on the clean water production performance of ultrafilter membranes. The focus of this study was to unlock the influence of feed water quality, pre-treatment efficiency, Productivity, and energy consumption of the ultrafilter membrane on clean water production performance. The outcome of this review revealed that four indicators and thirteen potential factors have used for measuring the clean water production performance of ultrafilter membranes. The potential factors are the feed water pre-treatment, feed water pressure, chemically enhanced backwash, and osmotic pressure. Additionally, the pH, total suspended solids, turbidity, and chemical oxygen demand of feed water are the sources of cake layer formation that affect energy consumption and the operating cost of ultrafilter membranes in producing clean water. The findings of this review have a few industrial and policy implications. The outcomes of this review could be used by industrial engineers and consultants for designing the ultrafilter membrane system to optimize clean water production. The policy makers involved in technology selection for water filtration also can be used. The outcome of this study concludes that the ultrafilter membrane is an effective water treatment technology, but its performance depends on a few potential operating factors. This study recommends further research for optimizing the factors affect UFM performance in producing clean wate

IMPACT OF COAGULANTS ON THE TSS SEPARATION PERFORMANCE IN CLEAN WATER PRODUCTION : AN EXPERIMENTAL FINDINGS

This paper reports an experiment conducted with a feed water contained low level total suspended solid (TSS≤ 10 mgL-1 ). This research aims to investigate a problem to justify whether coagulants is required to filter that feed water to produce required clean water (TSS≤ 1.0 mgL-1 ). This research has been conducted with combined use of Multi Media Water Filter (MWF) and Micro Filter (MF). The water filtration rate of this experiment was 20.0 m3(d) -1 . The TSS in product water (PW) was 0.735 mgL-1 when the plant was operated with coagulants. When the plant operated without coagulants the TSS content in PW was 0.876 mgL-1 . Two sets of experimental data were analysed and tested with paired-samples t-test at a 95% confidence level. The result demonstrated that the P-value was more than 0.05 (>0.05) when compared to the mean difference between the data sets. This finding indicates that the TSS content in PW of these two processes is nearly equal, and there is no significant difference between the two processes. This finding could be a reference to the water industry, engineering professionals and policy implementation agencies relating to the use of coagulants in the WF process. This study concludes that coagulants are not required in the WF process when feed water contains TSS less than 10 mgL-1 and the MWF can significantly remove TSS from feed water to produce the required clean water. This study recommends similar further research with various types of feed water to develop a standard model for the WF process to achieve SDG 6, SDG8, and SDG13

Gearing Towards a Greener Future

In the recent years, there has been an evolution in game input medium. From just using buttons, players can now interact with games through a wider spectrum of inputs which includes touch screen, camera, light sensor, accelerometer, compass and GPS. This is driven by the availability of these modules and sensors within mobile devices that are omnipresent nowadays. As a result, there has been a creative breakthrough on how games are played today where gaming experience can be made more intuitive and immersive. Localization is one of the input medium where the player’s physical location is used as part of the gameplay. This paper proposes an original gameplay schema that utilizes indoor mobile Wi-Fi localization technique as game input that does not require additional infrastructure. The game takes advantage of the weakness of Wi-Fi localization where environmental influence is significant and make it part of the gameplay. A simple error detection algorithm is also introduced to maximize the game playability value by balancing game responsiveness and accuracy level

Pulse detonation engine performance and thrust improvement using ejector

This thesis is concerning the improvement of thrust by employing ejector at the end tube of pulse detonation engine (PDE). There are two ways of improving the thrust of PDE, one is to choose higher performance engine component and the other is in to improve the mechanism of detonation initiation. But sometimes those steps required more advanced and sometimes more complex mechanism. This thesis suggest a simpler and easier way to improve thrust in PDE by employing ejector of different geometries at the open end of detonation tube. Therefore the objective of this thesis is to improve the performance of the PDE so that stable detonation can be achieved at a reasonable repetitive rate. In this study the improvement on thrust generated by the installation of ejector is quantified. The study is conducted in High Speed Reacting Flow Laboratory (HiREF), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. The PDE is operated with propane as fuel and oxygen as the oxidiser at the frequency of 5Hz. The four ejectors tested in this study namely straight, convergent, divergent and convergent-divergent ejectors. All ejectors have similar length and inlet diameter which are 400 mm and 130 mm respectively. The maximum augmentations for each ejector were measured using load cell. The highest improvement on thrust generated which is 12.6% higher than the baseline configuration has been achieved with the use of convergent ejector that is installed at downstream position. The study shows that the ejectors are very sensitive with its axial position to the open end of PDE

CLEAN WATER PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT INDICATORS AND FACTORS: A REVIEW ON ULTRAFILTER MEMBRANE

This review aims to answer the question relating to the problem of measuring the clean water production performance of the Ultrafilter membranes. This review has designed to study the research journal articles recently published (from 2000 to 2022) on the clean water production performance of ultrafilter membranes. The focus of this study was to unlock the influence of feed water quality, pre-treatment efficiency, Productivity, and energy consumption of the ultrafilter membrane on clean water production performance. The outcome of this review revealed that four indicators and thirteen potential factors have used for measuring the clean water production performance of ultrafilter membranes. The potential factors are the feed water pre-treatment, feed water pressure, chemically enhanced backwash, and osmotic pressure. Additionally, the pH, total suspended solids, turbidity, and chemical oxygen demand of feed water are the sources of cake layer formation that affect energy consumption and the operating cost of ultrafilter membranes in producing clean water. The findings of this review have a few industrial and policy implications. The outcomes of this review could be used by industrial engineers and consultants for designing the ultrafilter membrane system to optimize clean water production. The policy makers involved in technology selection for water filtration also can be used. The outcome of this study concludes that the ultrafilter membrane is an effective water treatment technology, but its performance depends on a few potential operating factors. This study recommends further research for optimizing the factors affect UFM performance in producing clean wate

CLEAN WATER PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT INDICATORS AND FACTORS : A REVIEW ON ULTRAFILTER MEMBRANE

This review aims to answer the question relating to the problem of measuring the clean water production performance of the Ultrafilter membranes. This review has designed to study the research journal articles recently published (from 2000 to 2022) on the clean water production performance of ultrafilter membranes. The focus of this study was to unlock the influence of feed water quality, pre-treatment efficiency, Productivity, and energy consumption of the ultrafilter membrane on clean water production performance. The outcome of this review revealed that four indicators and thirteen potential factors have used for measuring the clean water production performance of ultrafilter membranes. The potential factors are the feed water pre-treatment, feed water pressure, chemically enhanced backwash, and osmotic pressure. Additionally, the pH, total suspended solids, turbidity, and chemical oxygen demand of feed water are the sources of cake layer formation that affect energy consumption and the operating cost of ultrafilter membranes in producing clean water. The findings of this review have a few industrial and policy implications. The outcomes of this review could be used by industrial engineers and consultants for designing the ultrafilter membrane system to optimize clean water production. The policy makers involved in technology selection for water filtration also can be used. The outcome of this study concludes that the ultrafilter membrane is an effective water treatment technology, but its performance depends on a few potential operating factors. This study recommends further research for optimizing the factors affect UFM performance in producing clean water

Investigation on Water Consumption Pattern in Traditional Malaysian Kampung: An Insight Study on Water and Environmental Issues

This research aims to investigate on water consumption pattern of traditional Malaysian kampung. Random sampling survey method was adapted to capture information on water consumption from the relevant stakeholders. The water consumption pattern is divided into five major categories such as cooking, drinking, washing, gardening and others. Study indicates that water consumption for a family of four persons is about 140 l/day, which is below average in Malaysian standard. Water consumption for cooking, drinking, washing, gardening and others found to be 7, 15, 8, 2.5, and 3 litres respectively. The findings benefit government agencies in developing strategy to supply clean water to the kampung people. The study suggests further in-depth study on the essentially important topics in order to generate robust information for developing a general model to be used for government policies