Automated troubleshooting for RTWP in 3G/4G RAN nodes

Nowadays, Mobile Network Operators are confronted with many challenges to operate and maintain their network. Subscribers expect stable and perpetual services. Repeated interruptions of services will result in the dissatisfaction of users and may lead to losing the end user. One of the major issues facing a Radio Access Network (RAN) mobile operator is coping with the uplink interference in their RAN, such as the Receive Total Wideband Power (RTWP) in the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) band. A frequently occurring issue in such networks is the RTWP alarm. This alarm is reported in the Network Operation Centre (NOC) and contribute to poor quality in the network . Such an alarm may occur daily, thus impacting the network’s Key Point Indicator (KPI). The mobile network operator always tries to resolve the issue of RTWP quickly by means of several processes and strategies to diagnose and troubleshoot this issue, all within a target ‘Service Level Agreement’ (SLA). There are many different causes that can lead to an RTWP alarm in a mobile 3G RAN. In addition, each of these cases has different diagnoses and troubleshooting methods. The main idea of this project is to design a Graphical User Interface (GUI) tool to help the Front Office (FO) or Back Office (BO) engineer in mobile network operator to check and troubleshoot the RTWP issue in the network in a timely manner. The tool is designed to check the configuration of the radio, based on the Huawei NodeB 3900 and statistical performance counters, and to provide the correct decision for the engineer to improve the efficiency and minimize the time taken to troubleshoot the RTWP alarm in the network. It is very useful to design such a tool for interacting with the Huawei NodeB 3900. The GUI tool is thus basically designed to support the engineers in Oman Telecommunication Company’s NOC while dealing with the RTWP alarm in the Huawei NodeB 3900. The major finding of this study is the design of the GUI tool to minimize the time taken to resolve the RTWP issue in the Huawei NodeB 3900 both in a single site and in multiple sites, to conduct consistency checks for the software parameters, and finally to identify the root cause of the RTWP alarm. The GUI tool shows an operation log, which can be used by the administrator for maintenance records, and it also contains a help guide that gives the user more information about the functionality of each button

UAV Based 5G Network: A Practical Survey Study

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are anticipated to significantly contribute to the development of new wireless networks that could handle high-speed transmissions and enable wireless broadcasts. When compared to communications that rely on permanent infrastructure, UAVs offer a number of advantages, including flexible deployment, dependable line-of-sight (LoS) connection links, and more design degrees of freedom because of controlled mobility. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) combined with 5G networks and Internet of Things (IoT) components have the potential to completely transform a variety of industries. UAVs may transfer massive volumes of data in real-time by utilizing the low latency and high-speed abilities of 5G networks, opening up a variety of applications like remote sensing, precision farming, and disaster response. This study of UAV communication with regard to 5G/B5G WLANs is presented in this research. The three UAV-assisted MEC network scenarios also include the specifics for the allocation of resources and optimization. We also concentrate on the case where a UAV does task computation in addition to serving as a MEC server to examine wind farm turbines. This paper covers the key implementation difficulties of UAV-assisted MEC, such as optimum UAV deployment, wind models, and coupled trajectory-computation performance optimization, in order to promote widespread implementations of UAV-assisted MEC in practice. The primary problem for 5G and beyond 5G (B5G) is delivering broadband access to various device kinds. Prior to discussing associated research issues faced by the developing integrated network design, we first provide a brief overview of the background information as well as the networks that integrate space, aviation, and land

Effects of different amounts of water and irrigation intervals on growth and grain yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L) under New Hamdab conditions

    حساب الاحتياج المائي يعتبر احد مفاتيح القياسات المهمة لجدولة الري خاصة في المناطق ذات مصادر المياه المحدودة. اجريت هذه الدراسة بالولاية الشمالية ، مشروع الحامداب الجديدة الزراعي في الفترة من 2008/09 الى 2009/10م. هدفت الدراسة الى معرفة تأثير كمية مياه الري والفترة بين الريات على النمو والانتاج ومكونات الانتاج وكفاءة استخدام المياه. تمت زراعة القمح صنف وادى النيل مع كميات ري مختلفة و هي  5 و 6 و7 ملم/ يوم وفترات ري 7    و 10 و 14 يوم. صممت التجربة بنظام القطاعات العشوائية الكاملة (RCBD) و بأربعة مكررات. تم أخذ  طول النبات وعدد الحبوب في السنبلة و وزن الالف حبة وانتاج الحبوب و الناتج الحيوي ومخلفات الانتاج. اوضحت النتائج ان هناك فروق معنوية عالية جدا على كل الصفات المدروسة ماعدا وزن الالف حبة. بصورة عامة الري 7ملم /يوم وكل 7 ايام والري 7 ملم/يوم وكل 10 ايام  اعطيا اعلى قيم لكل الصفات المدروسة . الري كل 14 يوم اعطى اقل قيم لكل الصفات المدروسة خاصة انتاج الحبوب لذلك يجب تجنبه في المناطق الجاف

Activated Carbon Cloth for Desalination of Brackish Water Using Capacitive Deionization

Capacitive deionization (CDI) is an emerging technology that is currently being widely explored for brackish water desalination. The theory behind the CDI technology depends on ion electrosorption at the surface of a pair of electrically charged porous carbon electrodes. Salt ions are removed upon applying an electrical low voltage of 1.2 V between two electrodes. Activated carbon cloth (ACC) electrodes have a significant potential for energy-efficient CDI water desalination due to the high surface area and salt storage capacity in which salt ions will be temporarily immobilized. The current state of the art of CDI technology is critically reviewed and evaluated to understand and summarize CDI background, phenomenon, advantages, operating conditions, performance metrics and equations, carbon electrode materials, cell architectures and CDI designs. We also provide a review study to evaluate the performance and feasibility of utilizing ACC-CDI systems for brackish water desalination

On Some Results of a New Fractional Calculus in the Unit Disk and its Applications

In this paper, we study a new definition of fractional calculus (fractional derivative-(β,ϒ),fractional integral-(β,ϒ),by depending of Srivastava-Owa fractional operators,and study some properties and provided of operators-(β,ϒ)and Applecations by using fractional complex transform for fractionaldifferential equations , Distortion inequalities and establishing the sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of Cauchy problem in the unit disk

Computational Insights into Sulfur Redox Chemistry in Enzymology

In biochemistry, sulfur-containing biomolecules enrich the chemical diversity in cells. This occurs via their participation in several reactions including disulfide formation, metal-binding and redox catalysis. Since sulfur occurs in various oxidation states, it exhibits interesting chemistry and reactivity. In this Dissertation computational modeling techniques have been used to investigate several aspects of sulfur\u27s unique chemistry. Particularly, previously proposed mechanisms for sulfenic acids formation and reduction/overoxidation pathways have been examined In detail. A holistic picture of sulfur/sulfenic acid chemistry in biochemistry has been portrayed. For instance, the importance of non-covalent interaction in stabilizing the unstable sulfenic acid intermediates has been highlighted. Furthermore, the mechanism of Thiol activation in several active sites as well as the factors affecting thiolate stabilization has been determined in several enzymes. The role of protein dynamics and possible effects on catalysis has been emphasized. Moreover, a novel antioxidant pathway has been proposed. Computationally, the effect of choosing starting structure for modelling was also stressed

Soil bulk density and some related soil physical properties in relation to soil moisture content under New Hamdab conditions, northern Sudan

    This study was carried out during 2009/10, in New Hamdab Research Station Farm, Northern State, Sudan. Soil bulk density was determined with its corresponding soil moisture contents for depths 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, 40-60 cm, 60-80 cm and 80-100 cm from a soil profile of 120 cm deep using the core method. Correlation between soil bulk density versus each of soil depths (D) and soil moisture contents were made, nevertheless, the bulk density related soil physical properties values in relation to moisture content were also estimated. The results indicated that soil bulk density had a significant linear positive relationship (P ≤ 0.001) with soil depth (r²=0.89), and negatively related to soil moisture content for all the tested depths(r²= 0.99, 0.98, 0.97, 0.58 and 0.98). The values of all related soil physical properties to soil bulk density increased with increasing gravimetric soil moisture content for all depths except for the air filled porosity which decreased. A calculated amount of irrigation water of 1693 m³/ha is needed to irrigate an air dry soil that contains about 5% moisture. أجريت هذه التجربة في موسم 2009/10 في مزرعة محطة بحوث الحامداب الجديدة، مشروع الحامداب الجديدة الزراعي في شمال السودان. تم تحديد الكثافة الظاهرية للتربة مع محتوي الماء عند أعماق 0- 20 سم ،20-40 سم ، 40-60 سم، 60-80 سم و 80- 100 سم من قطاع أرضى بعمق120سم مستخدمين طريقة Core method)). وقد تم إجراء اختبار لعلاقة الارتباط بين الكثافة الظاهرية للتربة و العمق، وكذلك بين الكثافة الظاهرية للتربة ومحتوي الماء. كما تم اختبار علاقة قيم خصائص التربة الفيزيائية ذات الصلة بالكثافة الظاهرية للتربة والمحتوي المائي. وقد أوضحت النتائج أن للكثافة الظاهرية للتربة علاقة معنوية ايجابية (p ≤ 0.001) مع عمق التربة (r² = 0.99)، وعلاقة معنوية عكسية مع محتوى الماء عند كل الأعماق أعلاه حيث كان معامل التحديد (Coefficient of determination) يساوى  0,99 ، 0,98، 0,97 و 0,57 على التوالي. ولذلك فمعادلات الانحدار كانت مناسبة لمنحنى الكثافة الظاهرية للتربة لكل الأعماق. كذلك ازدادت قيم كل خصائص التربة الفيزيائية ذات الصلة بالكثافة الظاهرية بزيادة محتوى الماء في التربة ماعدا مسامية هواء التربة والتي تناقصت بزيادة محتوى الماء في التربة. كما أبانت الدراسة أن كمية مياه الري المطلوبة لري هذه التربة عند درجة محتوى ماء 5% تساوى 1693 مترا مكعبا لكل هكتار وهذه الكمية التي تحتاجها هذه التربة عند الزراعة.   &nbsp

Optical Properties of PVA Silicon Carbide Nano Composites Films Synthesized Via Laser Ablation

Background: Enhancing the optical characteristics of nano-silicon carbide and polyvinyl alcohol films is thought to be crucial for obtaining the semiconductor with the lowest energy gap for applications in electrical devices, digital displays, and sensors. Materials and Methods:  Poly vinyl alcohol and silicon carbide's optical properties were examined. A pulsed laser with a 532 nm wavelength is used to create these nanoparticles into widespread nanoparticles in two environments (water and vinyl alcohol). Polyvinyl alcohol  nanocomposite was created by spin coating silicon carbide particles with the weight fractions 0.90%, 0.91%, 0.93%, and 0.95%. Fourier spectroscopy was used to locate the functional groups based. Techniques FESEM were used to analyze the surface composition and nanoparticle dispersion on the membrane-surface of the nanocomposite. using spectroscopy UV-Vis used to record the absorbance spectrum in the range of (200-800) nm for ultraviolet radiation.  Results: The direct energy gap (5.585, 5.310, 5.480, 4.986, 4.800) eV and the indirect (5.006, 4.880, 4.916, 4.683, 4.490) eV and Urbach energy (2.38, 2.45, 2.94, 2.74, 3.67) eV were calculated.for the samples by ratio, as shown in Table No. 1. Conclusion: By investigating the optical characteristics of nanoparticles, such as their extinction and absorption coefficients, direct and indirect optical energy gaps, and Urbach energies .increase in extinction and absorption coefficients Urbach energy when adding nano carbide to polyvinyl alcohol, results show narrowing of the direct and indirect energy gaps. This suggests that the nanocomposite's optical characteristics have improved. &nbsp