The Ejecta Distributions of the Heavy Elements in the Cygnus Loop

We analyzed the metal distribution of the Cygnus Loop using 14 and 7 pointings observation data obtained by the \textit{Suzaku} and the \textit{XMM-Newton} observatories. The spectral analysis shows that all the spectra are well fitted by the two-$kT_e$ non-equilibrium ionization plasma model as shown by the earlier observations. From the best-fit parameters of the high-$kT_e$ component, we calculated the emission measures about various elements and showed the metal distribution of the ejecta component. We found that the distributions of Si and Fe are centered at the southwest of the geometric center toward the blow-out region. From the best-fit parameters, we also estimated the progenitor mass of the Cygnus Loop from our field of view and the metal rich region with a radius of 25 arcmin from the metal center. The result from the metal circle is similar to that from our entire FOV, which suggests the mixing of the metal. From the results, we estimated the mass of the progenitor star at 12-15\MO.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures, PASJ, Vol.61, No.

Seismic Analysis Using Synthetic Wave Based on the Dislocation Model to Simulate Ground Motions in the Hyogoken-Nanbu Earthquake 1995

The Green function based on the kinematics dislocation model has been newly developed in association with the convolution scheme in time for source function and in space along rupture direction. Synthetic waves derived from this model are corresponding to the bedrock motion. The ground model is formed with 3D multi-thin layers and the soils are linear material. Inhomogeneous rupture mechanism in faults is considered in terms of multiple asperities gained from the inversion information. In the shallow soils, non-linearity governs the dynamic behavior of the ground. Waves propagate with amplifications and absorption through the soft soil according to the frequency contents. Finite element analysis based on the plastic theory can include the dynamic properties of soils, the surface layer effects and the topographic conditions

Three Dimensional Nonlinear Joint Analysis for Assessment of Slope Stability

In this paper the behavior of an artificial slope, during a cyclic loading, is investigated by utilizing shaking table test and numerical simulation obtained from a finite element analysis. The effects of rock bolts and rope nets, used to stabilize the slope during earthquake, are investigated in several experimental and analytical cases. The slippage between rock bolt and soil is simulated by a nodal link element, placed at the contact area of rock bolt and soil. Using rock bolts and rope nets as reinforcement, affect the response of the model by reducing the maximum displacement of the slope along with a considerable decrease in maximum tensile stress. The developed cracks at the top of slope are also modeled with link element. When the cracks open, tensile stress can not develop across the opening and a tensile stress release may occur in that area which results in a redistribution of internal stresses in the slope

Superdeformed Λ\Lambda hypernuclei with antisymmetrized molecular dynamics

The response to the addition of a $\Lambda$ hyperon is investigated for the deformed states such as superdeformation in $^{41}_\Lambda$Ca, $^{46}_\Lambda$Sc and $^{48}_\Lambda$Sc. In the present study, we use the antisymmetrized molecular dynamics (AMD) model. It is pointed out that many kinds of deformed bands appear in $^{45}$Sc and $^{47}$Sc. Especially, it is found that there exists superdeformed states in $^{45}$Sc. By the addition of a $\Lambda$ particle to $^{40}$Ca, $^{45}$Sc and $^{47}$Sc, it is predicted, for the first time, that the superdeformed states exist in the hypernuclei $^{41}_\Lambda$Ca and $^{46}_\Lambda$Sc. The manifestation of the dependence of the $\Lambda$-separation energy on nuclear deformation such as spherical, normal deformation and superdeformation is shown in the energy spectra of $^{41}_\Lambda$Ca, $^{46}_\Lambda$Sc and $^{48}_\Lambda$Sc hypernuclei.Comment: 24 pages, 8 figure

Significant Improvement in Survival of Tabby Jimpy Mutant Mice by Providing Folded-paper Nest Boxes

There is little scientific evidence that environmental enrichment meets the physiological needs for laboratory  animals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the provision of nest boxes improved the lifespan  of Tabby jimpy (Ta-jp) mutant mice carrying a lethal gene. Nest boxes tested in this study were small  folded-paper trapezoid-shaped houses. The Nest box group was reared in cages with the nest boxes and  the Control group was raised in only standard cages. Weaning results and survival rates in Ta-jp mice were  compared between both groups. By the weaning stage, all of the Ta-jp mice survived in the Nest box group.  There was a significant difference in weaning rates between both groups. The body weight of weanlings  demonstrated a significant difference between both groups. The survival analysis indicated that the Nest  box group (29.9 days) significantly had a longer lifespan than the Control group (25.7 days). The Nest box  group developed few abnormal jumping behaviours. The nest boxes served as shelters from environmental  stimuli. In conclusion, we confirmed that folded-paper nest boxes had a beneficial effect on weaning rates  of Ta-jp mice. Our results revealed that there was significant improvement in survival of Ta-jp mice using  the nest boxes.