Data Files

Focal brain cooling experiments with anaesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats induced with epilepsy using Penicillin G potassium. Cooling was performed in five different rats for each cooling temperature (15, 20, and 25 degrees Celcius)

Disruptions in laminar structure of mouse brain cortex after hypoxic ischemia injury.

<p><i>A</i>: (<i>left</i>) Histological tissue sections show the laminar structure of the cortex in the normothermia group. Scale bar, 500 µm. The designated areas are enlarged in the bottom panels for clarity. Scale bar, 200 µm; <i>(right</i>) average areas of superficial and deep cortical layers measured on mouse brain sections (n = 6, mean±SE). *<i>P</i><0.05 (Wilcoxon test). <i>B:</i> Laminar structure in the hypothermia group (n = 6, mean±SE). Other notations defined in (<i>A</i>).</p

Apoptosis (TUNEL staining) in the cortex 24 h after hypoxic ischemia injury.

<p><i>A</i>: Tissue sections are shown from brain hemispheres subjected to mild ischemic injury (<i>top</i>) or severe ischemic injury in mice from the normothermia (<i>middle</i>) and hypothermia (<i>bottom</i>) groups. <i>Arrow</i> indicates TUNEL-positive cells. Scale, 500 µm. <i>B</i>: <i>(left</i>) Average number of TUNEL-positive cells (mean±SE) in the superficial and deep cortical layers in the normothermia (n = 9) and hypothermia (n = 8) groups. *<i>P</i><0.05 (Wilcoxon test). <i>(Right</i>) Distribution of the number of TUNEL-positive cells in the superficial layers and deep cortical layers.</p

Neuronal cell density reduced in adult mouse brains after hypoxic ischemia injury.

<p><i>A</i>: Immunohistochemistry shows NeuN-positive cells in the cortex (<i>Top</i>) and striatum (<i>Bottom</i>) of mice subjected to hypoxic ischemia injury, followed by normothermia. Scale, 500 µm. Average density of NeuN cells (n = 11 mouse brains, mean±SE) was assessed in the contralateral (black) and ischemic ipsilateral (white) hemispheres. <i>B</i>: High magnification images of the cortices of mice in normothermia and hypothermia groups. Scale, 200 µm. *<i>P<</i>0.05 (Wilcoxon test). Other notations are defined in (<i>A</i>).</p

Bifurcation with respect to <i>Q</i>_{10,<i>int</i>}.

<p>With <i>Q</i>_{10,<i>syn</i>} = 1.8, magnitude and frequency of discharges exhibit bifurcation behavior with respect to <i>Q</i>_{10,<i>int</i>} at different cooling temperatures. (From left to right: T = 15°C, 20°C, 25°C.)</p

Estimated values of the parameters for the model of discharge activity before cooling.

<p>Estimated values of the parameters for the model of discharge activity before cooling.</p

Effect of <i>Q</i>_{10,<i>syn</i>}.

<p>As <i>Q</i>_{10,<i>syn</i>} is increased from unity, frequency of epileptic discharges during cooling (60 s–120 s) becomes less until complete termination. (From top to bottom: <i>Q</i>_{10,<i>syn</i>} = 1.0, 1.007, 1.013, 1.085.)</p

Simulated activity from rat 4.

<p>Suppression of epileptic discharges is replicated by the different models. (From top to bottom: Experimental data, SYN_INT, EXC_INH, EXC_SIN_FIN)</p

Response functions and the effect of Q₁₀.

<p>Different populations of neurons have different post-synaptic impulse response (solid lines, left) but are assumed to have the same firing response (solid line, right). <i>Q</i>_{10,<i>syn</i>} scales down the post-synaptic impulse response curves (broken lines, left) while <i>Q</i>_{10,<i>int</i>} changes the properties of the firing response curve (broken line, right).</p