Consideration on Kerguelen-Davis Oscillation Index (KDOI) influencing variability on environmental ecosystem in the Prydz Bay region, east Antarctica: data exploration

第3回極域科学シンポジウム/第34回極域生物シンポジウム 11月26日（月） 統計数理研究所 ３階セミナー

Evolution of global development cooperation: An analysis of aid flows with stochastic block models

Despite considerable scholarly attention on the institutional and normative aspects of development cooperation, its longitudinal dynamics unfolding at the global level have rarely been investigated. Focusing on aid, we examine the evolving global structure of development cooperation induced by aid flows in its entirety. Representing annual aid flows between donors and recipients from 1970 to 2013 as a series of networks, we apply hierarchical stochastic block models to extensive aid-flow data that cover not only the aid behavior of the major OECD donors but also that of other emerging donors, including China. Despite a considerable degree of external expansion and internal diversification of aid relations over the years, the analysis has uncovered a temporally persistent structure of aid networks. The latter comprises, on the one hand, a limited number of major donors with far-reaching resources and, on the other hand, a large number of mostly poor but globally well-connected recipients. The results cast doubt on the efficacy of recurrent efforts for "aid reform" in substantially changing the global aid flow pattern

Consideration of seasonal change in marine ecosystem in sea ice melting season around Prydz Bay, east Antarctica

第2回極域科学シンポジウム　共通セッション「海氷圏の生物地球化学」 11月16日（水） 統計数理研究所 3階セミナー

Offshore-origin warm water inflows toward Totten Ice Shelf, East Antarctica

The Tenth Symposium on Polar Science/Ordinary sessions: [OM] Polar Meteorology and Glaciology, Thu. 5 Dec. / 2F Auditorium , National Institute of Polar Researc

An estmation of seabird abundance and biomass in the Ross Sea based on ecological functions

第3回極域科学シンポジウム/第34回極域生物シンポジウム 11月26日（月） 統計数理研究所 ３階セミナー

Isoform D of vascular endothelial growth factor in systemic capillary leak syndrome : a case report

Background: Systemic capillary leak syndrome is a rare condition characterized by episodic attacks of hypovolemia due to systemic capillary hyperpermeability, which results in profound hypotension and edema. Although the implication of vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietin-2, and C-X-C motif chemokine 10 has been suggested, the pathogenesis of systemic capillary leak syndrome remains unclear. In this report, we describe a case of systemic capillary leak syndrome in which serum isoform D of vascular endothelial growth factor was elevated. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of systemic capillary leak syndrome in which isoform D of vascular endothelial growth factor is suggested as the plausible biomarker. Case presentation: A 41-year-old Japanese man was transferred to our emergency department. He was hypotensive, tachycardic, and edematous over the trunk and all four limbs. He received aggressive intravenous fluid therapy and underwent fasciotomy of the right forearm to prevent muscle necrosis. A diagnosis of systemic capillary leak syndrome was suspected. The presence of serum monoclonal immunoglobulin G and κ light chain supported this diagnosis. Prevention of hypotensive crises was unsuccessfully attempted with theophylline, intravenous immunoglobulin, high-dose dexamethasone, bortezomib, melphalan, and prednisolone; however, the patient’s attacks dramatically disappeared after the introduction of thalidomide. The serum of the patient was stored soon after the onset of hypotensive crisis and analyzed to profile possible mediators responsible for the capillary leak. The concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietin-2, and C-X-C motif chemokine 10 were all within normal ranges. Meanwhile, we found that isoform D of vascular endothelial growth factor was elevated, which was normalized after the introduction of thalidomide. Conclusions: In our patient, isoform D of vascular endothelial growth factor (instead of vascular endothelial growth factor) may have been a causative factor of hypotensive crises, since isoform D contributes to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 signaling, which is the major mediator of the permeability-enhancing effects of vascular endothelial growth factor. We suggest the measurement of isoform D of vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with systemic capillary leak syndrome in whose serum vascular endothelial growth factor is not elevated

Denosumab prevents bone loss in newly diagnosed malignant lymphoma patients undergoing corticosteroid-containing chemotherapy: a prospective, non-randomized study

Background: Malignant lymphoma patients have a high risk of bone mineral density (BMD) loss caused by corticosteroid-containing chemotherapy. Bisphosphonates have been used to prevent bone loss: however, little is known about effects of denosumab, a fully humanized monoclonal antibody inhibiting osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. Methods: This clinical trial was conducted in newly diagnosed lymphoma patients undergoing corticosteroid-containing chemotherapy. BMD was evaluated at baseline, and patients with a lumbar spine T-score of ? -1 were subcutaneously administered once with 60 mg of denosumab (“Denosumab” group). Patients with a T-score > -1 were allocated to the “No treatment” group. BMD was reevaluated at 24 weeks after enrollment. Bone turnover markers (BTMs) were collected at 0, 2, and 24 weeks.Results: Forty-three patients were enrolled (19 in the “Denosumab” group and 24 in the “No treatment” group). Patients in the “No treatment” group had decreased T-scores for the lumbar spine or femoral neck (P < 0.0001 or P = 0.0029, respectively) at 24 weeks after enrollment, whereas both T-scores were stable in the “Denosumab” group. Of the 18 patients in the “Denosumab” group, 12 had a T-score change from baseline (ΔT-score) of ? 0, whereas the remaining six patients had a ΔT-score < 0. These six patients had severely low T-scores at enrollment. Osteoclastic BTMs were strongly suppressed during the 24 weeks in the “Denosumab” group. The probability of major osteoporotic fracture or hip fracture in the “No treatment” group increased during the 24 weeks (P = 0.0195 or P = 0.0289, respectively), whereas pretreatment with denosumab prevented increased risks of both types of fractures. Conclusions: Our data suggests that BMD screening at diagnosis of lymphoma should be considered so that the bone health of lymphoma survivors can be improved with denosumab

Denosumab prevents bone loss in newly diagnosed malignant lymphoma patients undergoing corticosteroid-containing chemotherapy: a prospective, non-randomized study

Background: Malignant lymphoma patients have a high risk of bone mineral density (BMD) loss caused by corticosteroid-containing chemotherapy. Bisphosphonates have been used to prevent bone loss: however, little is known about effects of denosumab, a fully humanized monoclonal antibody inhibiting osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. Methods: This clinical trial was conducted in newly diagnosed lymphoma patients undergoing corticosteroid-containing chemotherapy. BMD was evaluated at baseline, and patients with a lumbar spine T-score of ? -1 were subcutaneously administered once with 60 mg of denosumab (“Denosumab” group). Patients with a T-score > -1 were allocated to the “No treatment” group. BMD was reevaluated at 24 weeks after enrollment. Bone turnover markers (BTMs) were collected at 0, 2, and 24 weeks.Results: Forty-three patients were enrolled (19 in the “Denosumab” group and 24 in the “No treatment” group). Patients in the “No treatment” group had decreased T-scores for the lumbar spine or femoral neck (P < 0.0001 or P = 0.0029, respectively) at 24 weeks after enrollment, whereas both T-scores were stable in the “Denosumab” group. Of the 18 patients in the “Denosumab” group, 12 had a T-score change from baseline (ΔT-score) of ? 0, whereas the remaining six patients had a ΔT-score < 0. These six patients had severely low T-scores at enrollment. Osteoclastic BTMs were strongly suppressed during the 24 weeks in the “Denosumab” group. The probability of major osteoporotic fracture or hip fracture in the “No treatment” group increased during the 24 weeks (P = 0.0195 or P = 0.0289, respectively), whereas pretreatment with denosumab prevented increased risks of both types of fractures. Conclusions: Our data suggests that BMD screening at diagnosis of lymphoma should be considered so that the bone health of lymphoma survivors can be improved with denosumab

Vertical Distribution, Community Structure, and Active Carbon Flux of Two Macrozooplankton Taxa : Amphipods and Euphausiids in the Summer of the Western North Pacific

This study conducted diel vertical migration and active migration flux estimation of macrozooplanktonic amphipods and euphausiids at 0-250 m water column of the three stations in the western North Pacific during summer. For amphipods, 25 species belonging to 17 genera were identified. Their standing stock was 60-574 ind. m−2 during the daytime and 35-5,228 ind. m−2 at night-time. For euphausiids, 19 species belonging to 7 genera were identified. The standing stock of euphausiids was 80-382 ind. m−2 and 286-2,156 ind. m−2 during the day and at night, respectively. Feeding impacts during the night were estimated to be 0.19-11.76 mg C m−2 day−1 (amphipods) and 5.12-16.42 mg C m−2 day−1 (euphausiids). Respiration during the daytime accounted for 0.08-6.38 mg C m−2 day−1 (amphipods) and 2.33-7.70 mg C m−2 day−1 (euphausiids). The feeding impact and respiratory flux by active migration of macrozooplankton taxa were estimated as 8.34-28.18 mg C m−2 day−1 and 3.15-14.08 mg C m−2 day−1, respectively. These values corresponded to 3.7-12.4% of primary production (feeding impact) and 2.4-10.7% of sinking passive flux from the euphotic zone (respiratory flux). Thus, this study emphasizes the importance of active flux by macrozooplankton for vertical material flux in the western North Pacific