障害児通所施設における重症児の栄養アセスメントの現状

障害児通所施設における重症児の栄養アセスメントの現状を明らかにすることを目的に、全国の施設を対象に質問紙調査を行い320施設より回答を得、施設利用者の主障害が肢体不自由と知的障害で、年齢区分が幼児期と青年期である160施設の回答を分析した。その結果、青年期、幼児期ともに体重計測、喫食率の実施率は高く、体重変化率と体脂肪率の実施率は低かった。栄養評価(判定)の実施は、幼児期、青年期ともに2割と少なく、青年期はBMI、血清アルブミン、喫食率、幼児期はカウプ指数と成長曲線を評価(判定)の指標としている施設が多かったが、幼児期、青年期とも明確な基準値はなく、模索状態にあることが窺えた

Carcinoma-containing CEA in colon cancers in primary and metastatic tumors

Carcinoma-containing CEA was measured as compared with normal tissues and metastases in the lymph nodes and the liver. The high CEA production was remarkable in the potent malignant tumors and metastases in the liver and the lymph nodes as compared with those in normal colon tissues as well as in non metastatic lymph nodes. It is reasonable to consider that high plasma CEA may well indicate advancing or highly potent malignant diseases or recurrence of colon cancers due to destruction of vascular structure by cancer invasion

Surgery for postoperative recurrence of gastric cancer

The six patients who underwent reoperation for recurrence of gastric cancer following surgery were clinically analysed, of whom one had lung metastasis and the other five local recurrences. The conditions of resectability are that carcinoma infiltration should be limited, the disease-free interval-after the first operation should be long and there are no blood-borne metastases into the lung and the liver. The surgical outcome for lung metastasis was pessimistic. It is emphasized that multidisciplinary therapy and early detection are indispensable for improving the surgical outcome in the treatment of recurrence of gastric cancer

DOCK2 is involved in the host genetics and biology of severe COVID-19

「コロナ制圧タスクフォース」COVID-19疾患感受性遺伝子DOCK2の重症化機序を解明 --アジア最大のバイオレポジトリーでCOVID-19の治療標的を発見--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-08-10.Identifying the host genetic factors underlying severe COVID-19 is an emerging challenge. Here we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 2, 393 cases of COVID-19 in a cohort of Japanese individuals collected during the initial waves of the pandemic, with 3, 289 unaffected controls. We identified a variant on chromosome 5 at 5q35 (rs60200309-A), close to the dedicator of cytokinesis 2 gene (DOCK2), which was associated with severe COVID-19 in patients less than 65 years of age. This risk allele was prevalent in East Asian individuals but rare in Europeans, highlighting the value of genome-wide association studies in non-European populations. RNA-sequencing analysis of 473 bulk peripheral blood samples identified decreased expression of DOCK2 associated with the risk allele in these younger patients. DOCK2 expression was suppressed in patients with severe cases of COVID-19. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis (n = 61 individuals) identified cell-type-specific downregulation of DOCK2 and a COVID-19-specific decreasing effect of the risk allele on DOCK2 expression in non-classical monocytes. Immunohistochemistry of lung specimens from patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia showed suppressed DOCK2 expression. Moreover, inhibition of DOCK2 function with CPYPP increased the severity of pneumonia in a Syrian hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, characterized by weight loss, lung oedema, enhanced viral loads, impaired macrophage recruitment and dysregulated type I interferon responses. We conclude that DOCK2 has an important role in the host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of severe COVID-19, and could be further explored as a potential biomarker and/or therapeutic target