Bilinearization of Discrete Soliton Equations and Singularity Confinement

Bilinear forms for some nonlinear partial difference equations(discrete soliton equations) are derived based on the results of singularity confinement. Using the bilinear forms, the N-soliton and algebraic solutions of the discrete potential mKdV equation are constructed.Comment: 14 pages, LaTe

Determination of Hematinic Acid Produced by Oxidative Cleavage of Hemoglobin Heme in Red Blood Cells

Our previous studies on the mechanism of phenylhydrazine-induced hemolytic anemia have shown that hematinic acid, one of oxidative cleavage products of heme, is formed by the reaction of hemoglobin with phenylhydrazine. Develoment of the determination of hematinic acid formed by this reaction in red blood cells (RBC) was required to study the mechanism of the hemolysis. Hemolysates prepared by lysis of fresh human RBC with water was mixed with standard hematinic acid. A solution consisting of hydrochloric acid, methanol, and acetone was added, and most of hemoglobin precipitated was removed by centrifugation. Hematinic acid was derived to the methyl ester by incubation with methanol containing sulfuric acid. The ester was passed to two type of silica gel column to remove interferences, and was analysed on a reversedphase high-performance liquid chromatographic column. Hematinic acid could be determined in the range 1.0-20.0μmol/ml RBC. Recovery from hemolysate was 65.0% ±3.5%. Standard compounds of hematinic acid and its methyl ester were prepared by the oxidation of hemin with hydrogen peroxide, and were comfirmed by elemental analyses and mass spectra.フェニルヒドラジン惹起性溶血貧血機構の著者らの研究において、ヘモグロビンとフェニルヒドラジンとの反応でヘムの酸化的開裂物質の１つであるヘマチン酸が生成することが示された。この反応によって赤血球（RBC）中で生じたヘマチン酸を定量する方法の確立が、溶血機構研究のため必要となった。人のRBCを水で溶血し、ヘマチン酸の標品を加えた。塩酸、メタノール、アセトンの溶液え加え、ほとんどのヘモグロビンを沈殿除去した。メタノールー硫酸溶液で加熱し、ヘマチン酸をメチルエステルに誘導した。夾雑物を２種のシリカゲルカラムを通すことによって除去し、逆相カラムを用いた高速液体クロマトグラフィーで分析した。ヘマチン酸は、1.0-20.0μmol/ml　RBCの範囲で定量でき、回収率は65.0 ±3.5％であった。ヘマチン酸とこのメチルエステルの標品は、ヘミンを過酸化水素酸化することによって合成し、元素分析と質量分析によって確認した

Polycyclic N-Hetero Compounds. XL. Reaction of Cyclic Ketones with Trisformylaminomethane

Reactions of cyclic ketones such as α-tetralone, 1,3-cyclohexanedione, or naphthalenedione with formamide or trisformylaminomethane (TFAM) have shown to form polyclic fused pyrimidines by us. Reactions of terpene ketones like l-menthone, d-camphor, l-carvone with TFAM were performed, and 8-isopropyl-5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinazoline, borno[2,3-d] pyrimidine, and 5-isopropenyl-8-methyl-5,6-dihydroquinazoline were expectedly obtained from three terpenes. Minor products of 5-isopropenyl-8-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinazoline and 5-isopropenyl-8-methylquinazoline were formed with 5-isopropenyl-8-methyl-5,6-dihydroquinazoline by disproportionation reaction of l-carvone. Furthermore, No-formylmenthylamine, N-formylbornylamine, and N-formylcarvylamine were obtained as the Leuckart-type products terpene ketones in these reactions. The reaction of N-benzyl-4-piperidone with TFAM gave desired 6-benzyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidine. The reaction of diethyl succinylsuccinate with TFAM afforded tricyclic 4,9-dioxo-3,4,8,9-tetrahydropyrimido[4,5-g]quinazoline. Above compounds were determined by the measurements of their instrumental analyses.α-テトラロン、1,3-シクロヘキサンジオン、ナフタレンジオン等の環式ケトン類とホルムアミド或はトリスホルミルアミノメタン（TFAM）との反応により、多環式縮合ピリミジン誘導体を容易に合成できる事は既に報告した。この反応の一環として環式ケトンにl-メントン、d-カンファ、l-カルボン等の生理活性を有するテルペンケトン及びN-ベンジル-4-ピペリドンとジエチルサクシニルサクシネートを用いてTFAMとの反応を検討した。3種のテルペンケトン類からは予期した縮合ピリミジンとして8-イソプロピル-5-メチル-5,6,7,8-テトラヒドロキナゾリン（Ⅱ）、ボルノ[2,3-d]ピリミジン（Ⅴ）、及び5-イソプロペニル-8-メチル-5,6-ジヒドロキナゾリン（Ⅷ）を得た。Ⅷの分離の際にⅧの不均化合物である5-イソプロペニル-8-メチル-5,6,7,8,-テトラヒドロキナゾリン（Ⅸ）及び5-イソプロペニル-8-メチルキナゾリン（Ⅹ）の生成をGC-MS及びpmrで確認したが、それらの単離には到らなかった。又、テルペンケトン類からLeuckart型反応生成物と考えられるN-ホルミルメンチルアミン（Ⅲ）、N-ホルミルボルニルアミン（Ⅵ）及びN-ホルミルカルビルアミン（ⅩⅠ）を得た。N-ベンジル-4-ピペリドンとTFAMとの反応では、6-ベンジル-5,6,7,8-テトラヒドロピリド[4,3-d]ピリミジン（ⅩⅢ）が得られた。最後に、環式ジケトンジエステルであるジエチルサクシニルサクシネートとTFAMとの反応に於いては一挙に三環性の4,9-ジオキソー3,4,8,9-テトラヒドロピリミド[4,5-g]キナゾリン（ⅩⅤ）を得ることが出来た。得られた化合物の構造はir,mass,pmr,元素記号等で決定した

7-Chloro-1,2-dihydro­furo[2,3-c]isoquinolin-5-amine

In the title compound, C11H9ClN2O, the fused-ring system is essentially planar, with a maximum deviation of 0.0323 (16) Å. In the crystal, mol­ecules are connected by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds forming a zigzag chain along the c axis. Mol­ecules are further stacked along the a axis through weak π–π inter­actions, the shortest distance between ring centroids being 3.6476 (8) Å

DNC/HNC Ratio of Massive Clumps in Early Evolutionary Stages of High-Mass Star Formation

We have observed the HN13C J=1-0 and DNC J=1-0 lines toward 18 massive clumps, including infrared dark clouds (IRDCs) and high-mass protostellar objects (HMPOs), by using the Nobeyama Radio Observatory 45 m telescope. We have found that the HN13C emission is stronger than the DNC emission toward all the observed sources. The averaged DNC/HNC ratio is indeed lower toward the observed high-mass sources (0.009\pm0.005) than toward the low-mass starless and star-forming cores (0.06). The kinetic temperature derived from the NH3 (J, K) = (1, 1) and (2, 2) line intensities is higher toward the observed high-mass sources than toward the low-mass cores. However the DNC/HNC ratio of some IRDCs involving the Spitzer 24 {\mu}m sources is found to be lower than that of HMPOs, although the kinetic temperature of the IRDCs is lower than that of the HMPOs. This implies that the DNC/HNC ratio does not depend only on the current kinetic temperature. With the aid of chemical model simulations, we discuss how the DNC/HNC ratio decreases after the birth of protostars. We suggest that the DNC/HNC ratio in star-forming cores depends on the physical conditions and history in their starless-core phase, such as its duration time and the gas kinetic temperature.Comment: 27 pages, 4 figures, accepted to Ap

ALMA Observations of the IRDC Clump G34.43+00.24 MM3: DNC/HNC Ratio

We have observed the clump G34.43+00.24 MM3 associated with an infrared dark cloud in DNC $J$=3--2, HN$^{13}$C $J$=3--2, and N$_2$H$^+$ $J$=3--2 with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). The N$_2$H$^+$ emission is found to be relatively weak near the hot core and the outflows, and its distribution is clearly anti-correlated with the CS emission. This result indicates that a young outflow is interacting with cold ambient gas. The HN$^{13}$C emission is compact and mostly emanates from the hot core, whereas the DNC emission is extended around the hot core. Thus, the DNC and HN$^{13}$C emission traces warm regions near the protostar differently. The DNC emission is stronger than the HN$^{13}$C emission toward most parts of this clump. The DNC/HNC abundance ratio averaged within a $15^{\prime\prime} \times 15^{\prime\prime}$ area around the phase center is higher than 0.06. This ratio is much higher than the value obtained by the previous single-dish observations of DNC and HN$^{13}$C $J$=1--0 ($\sim$0.003). It seems likely that the DNC and HNC emission observed with the single-dish telescope traces lower density envelopes, while that observed with ALMA traces higher density and highly deuterated regions. We have compared the observational results with chemical-model results in order to investigate the behavior of DNC and HNC in the dense cores. Taking these results into account, we suggest that the low DNC/HNC ratio in the high-mass sources obtained by the single-dish observations are at least partly due to the low filling factor of the high density regions.Comment: accepted to Ap

A generalization of determinant formulas for the solutions of Painlev\'e II and XXXIV equations

A generalization of determinant formulas for the classical solutions of Painlev\'e XXXIV and Painlev\'e II equations are constructed using the technique of Darboux transformation and Hirota's bilinear formalism. It is shown that the solutions admit determinant formulas even for the transcendental case.Comment: 20 pages, LaTeX 2.09(IOP style), submitted to J. Phys.