Interpersonal values in 4-year course nursing students : Comparisons with 3-year course nursing students and students not majoring in nursing science

1999年4年制看護課程に入学した看護学生の入学時の対人関係価値をKG-SIVによって現実の自己像とナースの理想像について調査し，これを同年に非看護課程に入学した学生と3年制看護課程に異なる時期（1990年，1993年，1996年）に入学した看護学生3コホートと比較した。その結果，4年制看護学生は非看護学生に比べ，「博愛」と「同調」を重視する程度が強く，「支持」と「承認」，「独立」を重視する程度が弱かった。また，彼女ら の対人関係価値は3年制看護課程の学生のそれに類似していた。さらに，コホートの年次的移行のなかで看護学生の対人関係価値は「支持」と「独立」への動機づけが増大し，「博愛」への動機づけが滅退する傾向を見せた。This survey studied the interpersonal values held by a cohort of students admitted to a four-year course of nursing program in 1999 to determine whether they had the same interpersonal values as the third-year course nursing students. The KG-SIV (Kikuchi-Gordon Survey of Interpersonal Values) was administered twice at the beginning of the program. The subjects described 'self' for the first testing, while they described 'ideal nurse' for the second testing. Their scores on the self and the ideal nurse were compared with those obtained for three cohorts of nursing students who started the three-year course of nursing program in 1990, 1993 and 1996, respectively. Their scores on self were also compared with the scores obtained for four-year course students not majoring in nursing. Analyses showed that compared to the students not majoring in nursing the four-year course nursing students rated the values of Benevolence and Conformity as more important, while they rated the values of Support, Recognition and Independence as less important. Their scores were simliar to the scores given by the three-year course nursing students. Also, the values of Support and Independence increased while those of Benevolence decreased across the four cohorts of nursing students. It was concluded that nursing students hold distinctive interpersonal values as compared to non-nurses irrespective of their particular nursing program. Such values are ones that are beneficial to the nursing profession

Localization of Reversion-Induced LIM Protein (RIL) in the Rat Central Nervous System

Reversion-induced LIM protein (RIL) is a member of the ALP (actinin-associated LIM protein) subfamily of the PDZ/LIM protein family. RIL serves as an adaptor protein and seems to regulate cytoskeletons. Immunoblotting suggested that RIL is concentrated in the astrocytes in the central nervous system. We then examined the expression and localization of RIL in the rat central nervous system and compared it with that of water channel aquaporin 4 (AQP4). RIL was concentrated in the cells of ependyma lining the ventricles in the brain and the central canal in the spinal cord. In most parts of the central nervous system, RIL was expressed in the astrocytes that expressed AQP4. Double-labeling studies showed that RIL was concentrated in the cytoplasm of astrocytes where glial fibrillary acidic protein was enriched as well as in the AQP4-enriched regions such as the endfeet or glia limitans. RIL was also present in some neurons such as Purkinje cells in the cerebellum and some neurons in the brain stem. Differential expression of RIL suggests that it may be involved in the regulation of the central nervous system

Dissolved methane distribution in surface seawater and its controlling factors in mid- and high-latitudes in the Southern Ocean

第6回極域科学シンポジウム分野横断セッション：[IB1] 海氷域における生物地球化学的研究11月17日（火）　統計数理研究所 セミナー室1（D305

Living-donor lobar lung transplantation for rapidly progressive interstitial pneumonia associated with clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis: report of a case.

Diffuse interstitial pneumonia (IP) associated with collagen disease is a rare indication for lung transplantation. The manifestations of collagen disease are variable and dermatomyositis (DM) is often considered a contraindication for lung transplantation because of active myositis and a high incidence of malignancy. Furthermore, clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis (C-ADM) is associated with rapidly progressive IP resulting in a poor prognosis. Bilateral living-donor lobar lung was transplanted in a 52-year-old female with rapidly progressive IP associated with C-ADM, and the postoperative course was uneventful. To our knowledge, this case represents the first living-donor lobar lung transplantation for a patient with rapidly progressive IP associated with C-ADM

Oral Exposure to Polystyrene Microplastics of Mice on a Normal or High-Fat Diet and Intestinal and Metabolic Outcomes

マイクロプラスチックの経口摂取が高脂肪食条件下での代謝障害を悪化させる. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2023-02-24.[Background:] Microplastics (MPs) are small particles of plastic (≤ 5mm in diameter). In recent years, oral exposure to MPs in living organisms has been a cause of concern. Leaky gut syndrome (LGS), associated with a high-fat diet (HFD) in mice, can increase the entry of foreign substances into the body through the intestinal mucosa. [Objectives:] We aimed to evaluate the pathophysiology of intestinal outcomes associated with consuming a high-fat diet and simultaneous intake of MPs, focusing on endocrine and metabolic systems. [Methods:] C57BL6/J mice were fed a normal diet (ND) or HFD with or without polystyrene MP for 4 wk to investigate differences in glucose tolerance, intestinal permeability, gut microbiota, as well as metabolites in serum, feces, and liver. [Results:] In comparison with HFD mice, mice fed the HFD with MPs had higher blood glucose, serum lipid concentrations, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) activity scores. Permeability and goblet cell count of the small intestine (SI) in HFD-fed mice were higher and lower, respectively, than in ND-fed mice. There was no obvious difference in the number of inflammatory cells in the SI lamina propria between mice fed the ND and mice fed the ND with MP, but there were more inflammatory cells and fewer anti-inflammatory cells in mice fed the HFD with MPs in comparison with mice fed the HFD without MPs. The expression of genes related to inflammation, long-chain fatty acid transporter, and Na⁺/glucose cotransporter was significantly higher in mice fed the HFD with MPs than in mice fed the HFD without MPs. Furthermore, the genus Desulfovibrio was significantly more abundant in the intestines of mice fed the HFD with MPs in comparison with mice fed the HFD without MPs. Muc2 gene expression was decreased when palmitic acid and microplastics were added to the murine intestinal epithelial cell line MODE-K cells, and Muc2 gene expression was increased when IL-22 was added. [Discussion:] Our findings suggest that in this study, MP induced metabolic disturbances, such as diabetes and NAFLD, only in mice fed a high-fat diet. These findings suggest that LGS might have been triggered by HFD, causing MPs to be deposited in the intestinal mucosa, resulting in inflammation of the intestinal mucosal intrinsic layer and thereby altering nutrient absorption. These results highlight the need for reducing oral exposure to MPs through remedial environmental measures to improve metabolic disturbance under high-fat diet conditions

表層海水中溶存酸素の高精度連続観測

大気・海洋間の二酸化炭素や酸素の交換量と，その時空間変動要因や，大気中の温室効果ガスの動態を解明するための一環として，表層海水中溶存酸素の高精度連続観測に取り組んでいる．海洋地球研究船「みらい」では，表層海水連続測定装置により，水温・塩分の測定に加え，世界中で広く利用されているAADI社製OPTODEによる溶存酸素，および，蛍光光度計によるクロロフィルaの測定が行われてきた．OPTODEは時間安定性が優れており，連続観測に適していると考えられているが，応答時間が遅い（カタログによれば67%応答時間は20℃で23秒）という問題があった．そこで，船舶CTDO観測で培った高精度溶存酸素測定技術に基づき，2012年度から表層海水連続測定装置に応答時間が早いJFE Advantech社製RINKOを追加した．溶存酸素検出膜の適切なエイジングと標準ガスを用いたセンサー出力値の線形化，および，時間ドリフト補正用の溶存酸素の分析値を取得することで，溶存酸素の高精度連続観測を実現し，北極海，ベーリング海，西部太平洋，南大洋の広範囲でデータを蓄積した．従来のOPTODEと新たに導入したRINKOの比較から，RINKOに比べてOPTODEは約8分遅れて応答していることや，北極海などでの塩分の短時間での大きな変化に対応してOPTODEが不自然に大きく応答することが明らかになった．さらに，RINKOの技術を応用し，センサーを用いた酸素法による基礎生産量の測定を試みている．これらのデータを総合的に解析し，表層海水中の溶存酸素の時空間変動特性を把握し，変動要因の解明を目指す．BE13-19講演要旨 / ブルーアース2013（2013年3月14日～15日, 東京海洋大学品川キャンパス）http://www.godac.jamstec.go.jp/darwin/cruise/mirai/mr12-e03/

ARG098, a novel anti-human Fas antibody, suppresses synovial hyperplasia and prevents cartilage destruction in a severe combined immunodeficient-HuRAg mouse model

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The anti-human Fas/APO-1/CD95 (Fas) mouse/human chimeric monoclonal IgM antibody ARG098 (ARG098) targets the human Fas molecule. The cytotoxic effects of ARG098 on cells isolated from RA patients, on normal cells <it>in vitro</it>, and on RA synovial tissue and cartilage <it>in vivo </it>using implanted rheumatoid tissues in an SCID mouse model (SCID-HuRAg) were investigated to examine the potential of ARG098 as a therapy for RA.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>ARG098 binding to each cell was analyzed by cytometry. The effects of ARG098 on several cells were assessed by a cell viability assay <it>in vitro</it>. Effects on the RA synovium, lymphocytes, and cartilage were assessed <it>in vivo </it>using the SCID-HuRAg mouse model.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>ARG098 bound to cell surface Fas molecules, and induced apoptosis in Fas-expressing RA synoviocytes and infiltrating lymphocytes in the RA synovium in a dose-dependent manner. However, ARG098 did not affect the cell viability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of RA patients or normal chondrocytes. ARG098 also induced apoptosis in RA synoviocytes and infiltrating lymphocytes in the RA synovium <it>in vivo</it>. The destruction of cartilage due to synovial invasion was inhibited by ARG098 injection in the modified SCID-HuRAg mouse model.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>ARG098 treatment suppressed RA synovial hyperplasia through the induction of apoptosis and prevented cartilage destruction <it>in vivo</it>. These results suggest that ARG098 might become a new therapy for RA.</p

Exceptionally high incidence of symptomatic grade 2–5 radiation pneumonitis after stereotactic radiation therapy for lung tumors

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>To determine the usefulness of dose volume histogram (DVH) factors for predicting the occurrence of radiation pneumonitis (RP) after application of stereotactic radiation therapy (SRT) for lung tumors, DVH factors were measured before irradiation.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>From May 2004 to April 2006, 25 patients were treated with SRT at the University of Tokyo Hospital. Eighteen patients had primary lung cancer and seven had metastatic lung cancer. SRT was given in 6–7 fields with an isocenter dose of 48 Gy in four fractions over 5–8 days by linear accelerator.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Seven of the 25 patients suffered from RP of symptomatic grade 2–5 according to the NCI-CTC version 3.0. The overall incidence rate of RP grade2 or more was 29% at 18 months after completing SRT and three patients died from RP. RP occurred at significantly increased frequencies in patients with higher conformity index (CI) (p = 0.0394). Mean lung dose (MLD) showed a significant correlation with V₅–V₂₀(irradiated lung volume) (p < 0.001) but showed no correlation with CI. RP did not statistically correlate with MLD. MLD had the strongest correlation with V₅.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Even in SRT, when large volumes of lung parenchyma are irradiated to such high doses as the minimum dose within planning target volume, the incidence of lung toxicity can become high.</p

The Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2016 (J-SSCG 2016)

Background and purposeThe Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2016 (J-SSCG 2016), a Japanese-specific set of clinical practice guidelines for sepsis and septic shock created jointly by the Japanese Society of Intensive Care Medicine and the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine, was first released in February 2017 and published in the Journal of JSICM, [2017; Volume 24 (supplement 2)] https://doi.org/10.3918/jsicm.24S0001 and Journal of Japanese Association for Acute Medicine [2017; Volume 28, (supplement 1)] http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jja2.2017.28.issue-S1/issuetoc.This abridged English edition of the J-SSCG 2016 was produced with permission from the Japanese Association of Acute Medicine and the Japanese Society for Intensive Care Medicine.MethodsMembers of the Japanese Society of Intensive Care Medicine and the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine were selected and organized into 19 committee members and 52 working group members. The guidelines were prepared in accordance with the Medical Information Network Distribution Service (Minds) creation procedures. The Academic Guidelines Promotion Team was organized to oversee and provide academic support to the respective activities allocated to each Guideline Creation Team. To improve quality assurance and workflow transparency, a mutual peer review system was established, and discussions within each team were open to the public. Public comments were collected once after the initial formulation of a clinical question (CQ) and twice during the review of the final draft. Recommendations were determined to have been adopted after obtaining support from a two-thirds (> 66.6%) majority vote of each of the 19 committee members.ResultsA total of 87 CQs were selected among 19 clinical areas, including pediatric topics and several other important areas not covered in the first edition of the Japanese guidelines (J-SSCG 2012). The approval rate obtained through committee voting, in addition to ratings of the strengths of the recommendation, and its supporting evidence were also added to each recommendation statement. We conducted meta-analyses for 29 CQs. Thirty-seven CQs contained recommendations in the form of an expert consensus due to insufficient evidence. No recommendations were provided for five CQs.ConclusionsBased on the evidence gathered, we were able to formulate Japanese-specific clinical practice guidelines that are tailored to the Japanese context in a highly transparent manner. These guidelines can easily be used not only by specialists, but also by non-specialists, general clinicians, nurses, pharmacists, clinical engineers, and other healthcare professionals