74 research outputs found

    Commencement and termination of membership in a cooperative

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    Katedra obchodního právaDepartment of Business LawFaculty of LawPrávnická fakult

    Identification of exon skipping in mRNA from <i>lag/lag</i> mouse.

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    <p>(A) Northern blot analysis of <i>Kif14</i> mRNA. PolyA RNA from whole brains of +/+, <i>lag</i>/+, <i>lag</i>/<i>lag</i> mice was subjected to agarose gel-electrophoresis and then transferred to a nylon membrane. The membrane was hybridized with a <i>Kif14</i> cDNA probe. (B) Transcripts analysis of <i>Kif14</i> splice acceptor site mutation. Agarose gel-electrophoresis of <i>Kif14</i> PCR products from first-strand cDNA prepared from whole brains of +/+, <i>lag</i>/+, <i>lag</i>/<i>lag</i> mice. (C) Sequence analysis of the three <i>Kif14</i> transcripts identified in the <i>lag</i>/<i>lag</i> mouse. The <i>Kif14</i> transcript in the <i>lag</i>/<i>lag</i> mouse exhibited skipping of an 11-bp segment of exon 5, entire exon 5, and exons 5 and 6 as a result of a G to A substitution at the acceptor site of exon 5. (D) Western blot analysis of Kif14 protein at E14.5 and P12. Whole brain extracts (40 µg of proteins) from +/+, <i>lag</i>/+, <i>lag</i>/<i>lag</i> mice at E14.5 and P12 were subjected to SDS-PAGE, followed by immunoblotting with the anti-Kif14 rabbit polyclonal antibody. Arrow indicates full-length Kif14. Asterisk indicates the non-specific band.</p

    Disrupted cytoarchitecture in the neocortex and hippocampus.

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    <p>(A) Littermate wild type (Aa) and <i>lag</i> mutant (Ab) whole brain coronal sections at P14 were counterstained with hematoxylin. (Ac) and (Ad) are enlarged from boxed areas in (Aa) and (Ab), respectively. (Ae) and (Af) are enlarged form (Ac) and (Ad), respectively. The arrows in (Af) indicate ectopic large pyramidal cells in layer 1. Bars in (Aa) and (Ab), 1 mm. Bars in (Ac) and (Ad), 200 µm. Bars in (Ae) and (Af), 100 µm. (B) Littermate wild type (Ba) and <i>lag</i> mutant (Bb) whole brain coronal sections at P14 were immunostained with the anti-Cux1. Littermate wild type (Be) and <i>lag</i> mutant (Bf) were immunostained with the anti-Foxp2 antibody. (Bc), (Bd), (Bg) and (Bh) are enlarged from boxed areas in (Ba), (Bb), (Be) and (Bf), respectively. Bars in (Ba), (Bb), (Be) and (Bf), 1 mm. Bars in (Bc), (Bd), (Bg) and (Bh), 200 µm. (C) The number of Cux1- and Foxp2-immunopositive cells in the cerebral cortex of the wild type and <i>lag</i> mutant mice. Cell counts were performed at 100 µm intervals using a counting grid. (D) Littermate wild type (Da) and <i>lag</i> mutant (Db) hippocampal sagittal sections at P14 were counterstained with hematoxylin. CA, Cornu Ammonis; S, subiculum; DG, dentate gyrus. Bars, 1 mm.</p

    Gene targeting.

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    <p>(A) Schematic of the KO allele, in which exon 5 was deleted by homologous recombination in ES cells. (B) Behavior test for ataxia. Quantitative analysis of the duration the littermate wild-type mice (n = 8) and the <i>Kif14</i> KO mice (n = 8) stood on a narrow platform. Error bars represent SD. (C) The <i>Kif14</i> KO mouse phenotype. The littermate wild-type control mouse and the <i>Kif14</i> KO mouse faced each other. Red arrow indicates the flat head of the <i>Kif14</i> KO mouse. (D) Whole brain images of the littermate wild-type control mouse and the <i>Kif14</i> KO mouse at P12. Arrowheads indicate the translucent olfactory bulb and spinal cord of the <i>Kif14</i> KO brain. Bar, 5 mm. (E) Sagittal brain sections from the littermate wild-type control mouse (Ea) or <i>Kif14</i> KO mouse (Eb) at P12 were immunostained with the anti-MBP antibody. Bars, 2 mm. (F) Sagittal brain sections from the littermate wild-type control mouse (Fa) or <i>Kif14</i> KO mouse (Fb) at P12 were counterstained with hematoxylin. ac, anterior commissure; CX, cortex; DC, deep cerebellar nuclei; DG, dentate gyrus; fi, fimbria; Hi, hippocampus; Ic, inferior colliculus; OB, olfactory bulb; Pn, pontine nuclei; RMS, rostral migratory stream; Sc, superior colliculus; Spc, spinal cord. Bars, 2 mm.</p
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