Non-monotonic behavior of the Binder Parameter in the discrete spin systems

We study a non-monotonic behavior of the Binder parameter, which appears in the discrete spin systems. Using the Fortuin-Kasteleyn graph representation, we find that the improved estimator of the Binder parameter consists of two terms with values only in high- and low-temperature regions. The non-monotonic behavior is found to originate from the low-temperature term. With the appropriately defined order parameter, we can reduce the influence of the low-temperature term, and as a result, the non-monotonic behavior can also be reduced. We propose new definitions of the order parameter, which reduces or eliminates the non-monotonic behavior of the Binder parameter in a system for which the improved estimator of the Binder parameter is unknown.Comment: 23 pages, 12 figures, added new result

Na-catalyzed rapid synthesis and characterization of intercalated graphite CaC6

In this study, we conducted experiments on CaC6 for elucidating the Na-catalyzed formation mechanism and achieving rapid mass synthesis of graphite intercalation compounds (GICs). Rapidly synthesized CaC6 was characterized by analysis of its crystal structure and physical properties. We found that the formation of the reaction intermediate Na-GIC (NaCx, x = 64) requires a larger amount of Na than is intercalated between the graphite interlayers. The requirement for excess Na may provide insights into the mechanism of Na-catalyzed GIC formation. A Na-to-C molar mixing ratio of 1.5-2.0:6 was suitable for the efficient formation of CaC6 under heat treatment at 250{\deg}C for 2 h, and the catalytic Na remaining in the sample was demonstrably reduced to a Na:Ca ratio of approximately 3:97. The upper critical field Hc2 was enhanced approximately three times compared to those of previous reports. Based on X-ray diffraction and experimental parameter analysis, we concluded that the enhancement of Hc2 was attributed to the disordered stacking sequence in CaC6, possibly because of the rapid and low-temperature formation. Physical properties derived from specific heat measurements were comparable to those of high-quality CaC6, which is slowly synthesized using the molten Li-Ca alloy method. This study provides new avenues for future research and exploration in the rapid mass synthesis of GICs as practical materials, for applications such as battery electrodes and superconducting wires.Comment: 17 pages, 6 figures, 1 tabl

Study on Electric Properties of Gadolinium Nitrate Crystals

Frequency dependence of ac conductivity from 20Hz to 10MHz and time series of the conductivity at 2kHz along c-axis of gadolinium nitrate crystal Gd(NO3)36H2O were measured in the temperature range from 210K to 290K. Meta-stable phenomena were observed. Dynamical property given by the frequency dependence of the conductivity is compared to those in disorder system. Non-periodic instability (burst) was found in the time series data of the conductivity. The frequency dependence of the power spectrum densities is well represented by the power law 1/f α . The exponent α is discussed with the nonlinear dynamical property.学術論

Weight Reduction by Effective Protocol of Diet and Exercise

Background: Metabolic syndrome (Met-S) and Locomotive syndrome (Loc-S) have been in focus for years. Authors have reduced weight of patients with Met-S and Loc-S by exercise and Low Carbohydrate Diet (LCD). Moreover, we continued clinical research and enlightening activity about LCD through Japan LCD Promoting Association (JLCDPA). Intervention Program: Enrolled subjects were obese patients with 715 men and 2058 women with 62.2 ± 12.1 years. They attended the intervention of weight reduction program by LCD and exercise. The advisers were registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs) and physical/exercise therapists, and they regularly interviewed the cases for 6-12 months. LCD included 33% of carbohydrate, and exercise included aerobic and anaerobic exercises with 10 kinds of machines. Results and Discussion: The pre-weight vs post-weight is 63.7 ± 11.6 kg vs 59.4±10.8 kg in average, and 61.8 kg vs 57.5 kg in median. Further, quartiles values on 25%-75% were 55.5 kg-69.9 kg vs 51.5 kg-65.3 kg, respectively. The weight reduction was 6.6% in average, and 2.6%-9.8% in quartiles 25%-75%. The distribution shape of both pre- and post-weight in the figure showed slight shift to left direction by 4.3 kg in average. These results suggest that combined therapy would be successful in the presence of advisers, and that data would become basal data for future research

Effective Nutritional Guidance for Obesity by Low Carbohydrate Diet (LCD)

Background: Authors have continued treating patients with obesity and metabolic syndrome by application of Low Carbohydrate Diet (LCD). Furthermore, we have continued presenting various reports about nutrition and educational guidance and developing LCD medically and socially through the activity of Japan LCD Promoting Association (JLCDPA). Study Protocol: Subjects enrolled were 2773 patients with obesity who received nutritional guidance in our clinic. Methods include i) weight reduction program on the intervention of LCD and guidance by registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN), ii) LCD with 33% of carbohydrate, and iii) Practice of guidance including self-monitoring, lifestyle, motivation, determination for the goal, evaluation. Results and Discussion: Nutritional guidance has been carried out on a regular basis by three RDNs. Weight reduction was: 10% or more was observed in 666 (24.0%), and 5.0 - 9.9% was in 863 (31.2%). In other words, the reduction of 5.0% or more was 55.2%, and 3.0% or more was 71.4%. Our nutritional guidance has been made as a manual for weight reduction program. It includes various factors, such as Self-Regulation Empowerment, cognitive behavioral therapy and motivational interviewing. These results would become basal and reference data for future research in the field of weight reduction