Attractiveness of a Four-component Pheromone Blend to Male Navel Orangeworm Moths

The attractiveness to male navel orangeworm moth, Amyelois transitella, of various combinations of a four-component pheromone blend was measured in wind-tunnel bioassays. Upwind flight along the pheromone plume and landing on the odor source required the simultaneous presence of two components, (11Z,13Z)-hexadecadienal and (3Z,6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-tricosapentaene, and the addition of either (11Z,13Z)-hexadecadien-1-ol or (11Z,13E)-hexadecadien-1-ol. A mixture of all four components produced the highest levels of rapid source location and source contact. In wind-tunnel assays, males did not seem to distinguish among a wide range of ratios of any of the three components added to (11Z,13Z)-hexadecadienal. Dosages of 10 and 100 ng of the 4-component blend produced higher levels of source location than dosages of 1 and 1,000 ng

Laterality of Water Diffusion in Subsegments of Thalamus

The thalamus is the central relay station for the brain, and there is evidence of its change with aging and laterality. The nuclei of the thalamus respectively comprise fibers connecting associated cortical regions, and it is known that abnormalities of the thalamus are correlated with abnormalities in cognition and behavior. Yet, little is known about the differences in the tissue characteristics of thalamic nuclei. We assessed regional characteristics in five major subregions (1-3) of both the left and right thalamus using diffusion-tensor imaging. We evaluated 16 healthy right-handed males aged under 40 years for the lateralities and regional differences of the thalamic subregions.The significant differences among the ractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) of the divided regions of the thalamus were obtained (F=44.1, df=9, 150. p<0.001. F=48.1, df=9, 150, P<0.001, ANOVA, respectively). The MD value of each subregion was lower in the left side than in the right side except for the posterior (Po) subregions. FA values of anterior lateral (AL) and posterior (Po) subregions were higher in the left side than in the right side.There were significant differences in FA and MD values among the subregions, respectively.These results suggest that both sides of thalamic nuclei behave independently, and that we should evaluate the respective microstructures of the thalamic nuclei.[References]1. Buchsbaum, MS, et al. Am J Psychiatry. 153, 191-199, (1996).2. Yasuno F, et al. Am J Psychiatry 161: 1016-1022, (2004).the fifth annual meeting of the society for molecalar imagin

Attractiveness of a Four-component Pheromone Blend to Male Navel Orangeworm Moths

The attractiveness to male navel orangeworm moth, Amyelois transitella, of various combinations of a four-component pheromone blend was measured in wind-tunnel bioassays. Upwind flight along the pheromone plume and landing on the odor source required the simultaneous presence of two components, (11Z,13Z)-hexadecadienal and (3Z,6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-tricosapentaene, and the addition of either (11Z,13Z)-hexadecadien-1-ol or (11Z,13E)-hexadecadien-1-ol. A mixture of all four components produced the highest levels of rapid source location and source contact. In wind-tunnel assays, males did not seem to distinguish among a wide range of ratios of any of the three components added to (11Z,13Z)-hexadecadienal. Dosages of 10 and 100 ng of the 4-component blend produced higher levels of source location than dosages of 1 and 1,000 ng