Hyperglycemia in non-obese patients with type 2 diabetes is associated with low muscle mass: The Multicenter Study for Clarifying Evidence for Sarcopenia in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

AIMS/INTRODUCTION: Hyperglycemia is a risk factor for sarcopenia when comparing individuals with and without diabetes. However, no studies have investigated whether the findings could be extrapolated to patients with diabetes with relatively higher glycemic levels. Here, we aimed to clarify whether glycemic control was associated with sarcopenia in patients with type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Study participants consisted of patients with type 2 diabetes (n = 746, the average age was 69.9 years) and an older general population (n = 2, 067, the average age was 68.2 years). Sarcopenia was defined as weak grip strength or slow usual gait speed and low skeletal mass index. RESULTS: Among patients with type 2 diabetes, 52 were diagnosed as having sarcopenia. The frequency of sarcopenia increased linearly with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level, particularly in lean individuals (HbA1c <6.5%, 7.0%, ≥6.5% and <7.0%: 18.5%; HbA1c ≥7.0% and <8.0%: 20.3%; HbA1c ≥8.0%: 26.7%). The linear association was independent of major covariates, including anthropometric factors and duration of diabetes (HbA1c <6.5%: reference; ≥6.5% and <7.0%: odds ratio [OR] 4.38, P = 0.030; HbA1c ≥7.0% and <8.0%: 4.29, P = 0.024; HbA1c ≥8.0%: 7.82, P = 0.003). HbA1c level was specifically associated with low skeletal mass index (HbA1c ≥8.0%: OR 5.42, P < 0.001) rather than weak grip strength (OR 1.89, P = 0.058) or slow gait speed (OR 1.13, P = 0.672). No significant association was observed in the general population with a better glycemic profile. CONCLUSIONS: Poor glycemic control in patients with diabetes was associated with low muscle mass

Changes in the Charged Metabolite and Sugar Profiles of Pasteurized and Unpasteurized Japanese Sake with Storage

Japanese sake (rice wine) is commonly heat treated (pasteurized) to maintain its quality. In this study, temporal changes in the metabolite profiles of pasteurized and unpasteurized sake were investigated during storage. Metabolomic analyses were conducted for eight sets of pasteurized and unpasteurized sake obtained from single process batches stored at 8 or 20 °C for 0, 1, 2, or 4 months. Capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry were used to obtain charged metabolite and sugar profiles, respectively. The total amino acid concentration decreased with storage, and the decrease was faster in pasteurized sake than in unpasteurized. The organic acid concentrations were relatively constant in both types of sake. Peptide and glucose concentrations increased and polysaccharide concentrations decreased in unpasteurized sake, while they were relatively constant in pasteurized sake. Rather than stabilizing the sake metabolite profile during storage, pasteurization results in characteristic changes compared to unpasteurized sake

Hyperglycemia in non‐obese patients with type 2 diabetes is associated with low muscle mass: The Multicenter Study for Clarifying Evidence for Sarcopenia in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

AIMS/INTRODUCTION: Hyperglycemia is a risk factor for sarcopenia when comparing individuals with and without diabetes. However, no studies have investigated whether the findings could be extrapolated to patients with diabetes with relatively higher glycemic levels. Here, we aimed to clarify whether glycemic control was associated with sarcopenia in patients with type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Study participants consisted of patients with type 2 diabetes (n = 746, the average age was 69.9 years) and an older general population (n = 2, 067, the average age was 68.2 years). Sarcopenia was defined as weak grip strength or slow usual gait speed and low skeletal mass index. RESULTS: Among patients with type 2 diabetes, 52 were diagnosed as having sarcopenia. The frequency of sarcopenia increased linearly with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level, particularly in lean individuals (HbA1c <6.5%, 7.0%, ≥6.5% and <7.0%: 18.5%; HbA1c ≥7.0% and <8.0%: 20.3%; HbA1c ≥8.0%: 26.7%). The linear association was independent of major covariates, including anthropometric factors and duration of diabetes (HbA1c <6.5%: reference; ≥6.5% and <7.0%: odds ratio [OR] 4.38, P = 0.030; HbA1c ≥7.0% and <8.0%: 4.29, P = 0.024; HbA1c ≥8.0%: 7.82, P = 0.003). HbA1c level was specifically associated with low skeletal mass index (HbA1c ≥8.0%: OR 5.42, P < 0.001) rather than weak grip strength (OR 1.89, P = 0.058) or slow gait speed (OR 1.13, P = 0.672). No significant association was observed in the general population with a better glycemic profile. CONCLUSIONS: Poor glycemic control in patients with diabetes was associated with low muscle mass