The Effect of Drought and Flooding on the Contents of Phenolic Compound in Peach Fruit

モモ果実の渋味と土壌水分との関係を明らかにするために,コンテナ植えモモ樹の果実肥大,屈折計示度及びフェノール含量に及ぼす乾燥ならびに湛水の影響を調査した. 1)野性モモ台`武井白鳳'について果実発育第Ⅱ期(前期)と第Ⅲ期(後期)に2週間乾燥処理した.果実肥大はいずれの処理時期とも対照区より劣り,特に後期乾燥区で著しく劣った.屈折計示度は後期乾燥区で最も高かった.全フェノール,不溶性フェノール含量ともに対照区よりも両乾燥区で多かった. 2)寿星桃台,ユスラウメ台及びニワウメ台`山陽水蜜'について果実発育第Ⅲ期に約2週間,乾燥及び湛水処理した.果実肥大は各台木いずれの処理区でも対照区より劣った.屈折計示度は,乾燥処理区では対照区に比べて共台とユスラウメ台で高く,ニワウメ台で差がなかった.湛水処理区ではユスラウメ台で差がなく,ニワウメ台で低かった.全フェノール及び不溶性フェノール含量は,共台とニワウメ台では対照区よりも乾燥処理区で多く,ユスラウメ台では乾燥処理区で少なかった.湛水処理区ではユスラウメ台,ニワウメ台ともに対照区よりも多く,特にニワウメ台で多かった

Astringency of Peach Fruit in Different Fruit Parts, Trees and Orchards

モモ果実における渋味の発生要因ならびにその防止策を確立するための基礎資料を得ることを目的として,果樹園,樹体ならびに果実によるポリフェノール含量の違いを調査した.また,ポリフェノール含量の果実内での部位による違い,ならびにポリフェノール含量に及ぼす袋掛けの影響について調査した.成熟果実のポリフェノール含量は果実間や樹体間よりも果樹園間での差が大きかった.全フェノール含量と屈折計示度および高分子フェノール含量との間に各々1%レベルで正の相関が認められた.ポリフェノール含量は果皮で最も多く,果底部と縫合線部がこれに次ぎ,果肉中央部で最も少なかった,また,ポリフェノール含量は有袋果よりも無袋果で多かった.これらの結果をもとに,モモ果実の渋味発生と栽培条件との関係ならびにフェノール化合物の生成や蓄積について考察した

Continuous oxygen saturation and risk of retinopathy of prematurity in a Japanese cohort

Kubota H., Fukushima Y., Kawasaki R., et al. Continuous oxygen saturation and risk of retinopathy of prematurity in a Japanese cohort. British Journal of Ophthalmology , bjo-2023-324225 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo-2023-324225.Background/aims : We assessed the associations between retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and continuous measurements of oxygen saturation (SpO2), and developed a risk prediction model for severe ROP using birth data and SpO2 data. Methods : This retrospective study included infants who were born before 30 weeks of gestation between August 2009 and January 2019 and who were screened for ROP at a single hospital in Japan. We extracted data on birth weight (BW), birth length, gestational age (GA) and minute-by-minute SpO2 during the first 20 days from the medical records. We defined four SpO2 variables using sequential measurements. Multivariate logistic regression was used to develop a model that combined birth data and SpO2 data to predict treatment-requiring ROP (TR-ROP). The model’s performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results : Among 350 infants, 83 (23.7%) required ROP treatment. The SpO2 variables in infants with TR-ROP differed significantly from those with non-TR-ROP. The average SpO2 and high SpO2 showed strong associations with GA (r=0.73 and r=0.70, respectively). The model incorporating birth data and the four SpO2 variables demonstrated good discriminative ability (AUC=0.83), but it did not outperform the model incorporating BW and GA (AUC=0.82). Conclusion Data obtained by continuous SpO2 monitoring demonstrated valuable associations with severe ROP, as well as with GA. Differences in the distribution of average SpO2 and high SpO2 between infants with TR-ROP and non-TR-ROP could be used to establish efficient cut-off values for risk determination

A Spectral Study of the Black Hole Candidate XTE J1752-223 in the High/Soft State with MAXI, Suzaku and Swift

We report on the X-ray spectral analysis of the black hole candidate XTE\ J1752--223 in the 2009--2010 outburst, utilizing data obtained with the MAXI/Gas Slit Camera (GSC), the Swift/XRT, and Suzaku, which work complementarily. As already reported by Nakahira et al. (2010) MAXI monitored the source continuously throughout the entire outburst for about eight months. All the MAXI/GSC energy spectra in the high/soft state lasting for 2 months are well represented by a multi-color disk plus power-law model. The innermost disk temperature changed from $\sim$0.7 keV to $\sim$0.4 keV and the disk flux decreased by an order of magnitude. Nevertheless, the innermost radius is constant at $\sim$41 $D_{3.5}(\cos{\it i})^{-1/2}$ km, where $D_{3.5}$ is the source distance in units of 3.5 kpc and $i$ the inclination. The multi-color disk parameters obtained with the MAXI/GSC are consistent with those with the Swift/XRT and Suzaku. The Suzaku data also suggests a possibility that the disk emission is slightly Comptonized, which could account for broad iron-K features reported previously. Assuming that the obtained innermost radius represents the innermost stable circular orbit for a non-rotating black hole, we estimate the mass of the black hole to be 5.51$\pm$0.28 $M_{\odot}$ $D_{3.5}(\cos{\it i})^{-1/2}$, where the correction for the stress-free inner boundary condition and color hardening factor of 1.7 are taken into account. If the inclination is less than 49$^{\circ}$ as suggested from the radio monitoring of transient jets and the soft-to-hard transition in 2010 April occurred at 1--4% of Eddignton luminosity, the fitting of the Suzaku spectra with a relativistic accretion-disk model derives constraints on the mass and the distance to be 3.1--55 $M_{\odot}$ and 2.3--22 {\rm kpc}, respectively. This confirms that the compact object in XTE J1752--223 is a black hole.Comment: 12 pages including 7 figures and 4 tables, accepted for publication in PAS

Association between the examination rate of treatment-resistant schizophrenia and the clozapine prescription rate in a nationwide dissemination and implementation study

Background: The decision to initiate clozapine treatment should be made on an individual basis and may be closely related to the early detection of treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), although there is evidence that the early use of clozapine results in a better response to treatment. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between the examination rate of TRS and the prescription rate of clozapine. Methods: After attending a 1-day educational program on schizophrenia based on the "Guidelines for the Pharmacological Treatment of Schizophrenia," we asked the participating facilities to submit records of whether or not TRS was evaluated for each patient. We calculated the clozapine prescription rate from the schizophrenic patients prescribed clozapine and all of the schizophrenic patients. Forty-nine facilities in 2017 were included in the study. Results: There were dichotomous distributions in the examination rate of TRS and a non-normal distribution in the prescription rate of clozapine. There was a significant correlation between the prescription rate of clozapine and the examination rate of TRS (r s = 0.531, P = 1.032 × 10−4). A significant difference was found in the prescription rate of clozapine between the three groups of facilities according to the examination rate of TRS. Conclusion: As a preliminary problem for the use of clozapine, in Japan, the examination rate of TRS varies, and there are many facilities that typically do not consider the possibility of TRS; this trend leads to a low rate of clozapine use. Clearly, further clinician training is needed for the early detection and appropriate management of TRS that includes an explanation of TRS and how to introduce clozapine therapy to patients and their families

The ASTRO-H X-ray Observatory

The joint JAXA/NASA ASTRO-H mission is the sixth in a series of highly successful X-ray missions initiated by the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS). ASTRO-H will investigate the physics of the high-energy universe via a suite of four instruments, covering a very wide energy range, from 0.3 keV to 600 keV. These instruments include a high-resolution, high-throughput spectrometer sensitive over 0.3-2 keV with high spectral resolution of Delta E < 7 eV, enabled by a micro-calorimeter array located in the focal plane of thin-foil X-ray optics; hard X-ray imaging spectrometers covering 5-80 keV, located in the focal plane of multilayer-coated, focusing hard X-ray mirrors; a wide-field imaging spectrometer sensitive over 0.4-12 keV, with an X-ray CCD camera in the focal plane of a soft X-ray telescope; and a non-focusing Compton-camera type soft gamma-ray detector, sensitive in the 40-600 keV band. The simultaneous broad bandpass, coupled with high spectral resolution, will enable the pursuit of a wide variety of important science themes.Comment: 22 pages, 17 figures, Proceedings of the SPIE Astronomical Instrumentation "Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2012: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray

The Quiescent Intracluster Medium in the Core of the Perseus Cluster

Clusters of galaxies are the most massive gravitationally-bound objects in the Universe and are still forming. They are thus important probes of cosmological parameters and a host of astrophysical processes. Knowledge of the dynamics of the pervasive hot gas, which dominates in mass over stars in a cluster, is a crucial missing ingredient. It can enable new insights into mechanical energy injection by the central supermassive black hole and the use of hydrostatic equilibrium for the determination of cluster masses. X-rays from the core of the Perseus cluster are emitted by the 50 million K diffuse hot plasma filling its gravitational potential well. The Active Galactic Nucleus of the central galaxy NGC1275 is pumping jetted energy into the surrounding intracluster medium, creating buoyant bubbles filled with relativistic plasma. These likely induce motions in the intracluster medium and heat the inner gas preventing runaway radiative cooling; a process known as Active Galactic Nucleus Feedback. Here we report on Hitomi X-ray observations of the Perseus cluster core, which reveal a remarkably quiescent atmosphere where the gas has a line-of-sight velocity dispersion of 164+/-10 km/s in a region 30-60 kpc from the central nucleus. A gradient in the line-of-sight velocity of 150+/-70 km/s is found across the 60 kpc image of the cluster core. Turbulent pressure support in the gas is 4% or less of the thermodynamic pressure, with large scale shear at most doubling that estimate. We infer that total cluster masses determined from hydrostatic equilibrium in the central regions need little correction for turbulent pressure.Comment: 31 pages, 11 Figs, published in Nature July