370 research outputs found
Partial Deconfinement
We argue that the confined and deconfined phases in gauge theories are
connected by a partially deconfined phase (i.e. SU(M) in SU(N), where M<N, is
deconfined), which can be stable or unstable depending on the details of the
theory. When this phase is unstable, it is the gauge theory counterpart of the
small black hole phase in the dual string theory. Partial deconfinement is
closely related to the Gross-Witten-Wadia transition, and is likely to be
relevant to the QCD phase transition.
The mechanism of partial deconfinement is related to a generic property of a
class of systems. As an instructive example, we demonstrate the similarity
between the Yang-Mills theory/string theory and a mathematical model of the
collective behavior of ants [Beekman et al., Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences, 2001]. By identifying the D-brane, open string and black
hole with the ant, pheromone and ant trail, the dynamics of two systems closely
resemble with each other, and qualitatively the same phase structures are
obtained.Comment: 27 pages, many figures. v2: reference updated, minor improvements.
v3: comments added. v4: version published in JHEP. A few comments and
references added. v5: Normalization error in eq.(14) has been corrected,
descriptions in Appendix B and Sec.3 have been corrected accordingly. A few
footnotes and references have been adde
Semiclassical analysis of the bifundamental QCD on with 't Hooft flux
We study the phase structure of bifundamental quantum chromodynamics
(QCD(BF)), which is the -dimensional gauge theory
coupled with the bifundamental fermion. Firstly, we refine constraints on its
phase diagram from 't Hooft anomalies and global inconsistencies, and we find
more severe constraints than those in previous literature about QCD(BF).
Secondly, we employ the recently-proposed semiclassical approach for confining
vacua to investigate this model concretely, and this is made possible via
anomaly-preserving compactification. For sufficiently small with
the 't Hooft flux, the dilute gas approximation of center vortices gives
reliable semiclassical computations, and we determine the phase diagram as a
function of the fermion mass , two strong scales ,
and two vacuum angles, . In particular, we find that the
QCD(BF) vacuum respects the exchange symmetry of two gauge
groups. Under the assumption of the adiabatic continuity, our result
successfully explains one of the conjectured phase diagrams in the previous
literature and also gives positive support for the nonperturbative validity of
the large- orbifold equivalence between QCD(BF) and
supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory. We also comment on problems of domain walls.Comment: 33 pages, 5 figures, small discussion adde
Comparison with model-independent and dependent analyses for pion charge radius
Traditionally, there has been a method to extract the charge radius of a
hadron based on the fits of its form factor with some model assumptions. In
contrast, a completely different method has been proposed, which does not
depend on the models. In this report, we explore several improvements to this
model-independent method for analyzing the pion charge radius. Furthermore, we
compare the results of the pion charge radius obtained from lattice
QCD data at GeV using the three different methods: the
traditional model-dependent method, the original model-independent method, and
our improved model-independent method. In this comparison, we take into account
systematic errors estimated in each analysis.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, Proceedings of the 40th International Symposium
on Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 2023), July 31st - August 4th, 2023, Fermi
National Accelerator Laborator
Endobronchial Metastasis with Bloody Sputum 20 Years after Complete Resection of type A Non-Invasive Thymoma
Masaoka stage I type A thymomas rarely recur. We report the case of an 82-year-old man who developed endobronchial metastasis after thymothymectomy for Masaoka stage I type A thymoma. Twenty years after surgery, the patient developed bloody sputum, and chest computed tomography revealed a neoplasm obstructing the right upper lobe bronchus of the lung with enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes. He underwent right upper lobectomy and mediastinal lymph node dissection. Although preoperative pathological diagnosis was squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, postoperative histopathology revealed endobronchial metastasis of the thymoma. Nine years later, at age 89, the patient is alive and well
Microwave Imaging Using CMOS Integrated Circuits with Rotating 4 × 4 Antenna Array on a Breast Phantom
A digital breast cancer detection system using 65 nm technology complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuits with rotating 4 × 4 antenna array is presented. Gaussian monocycle pulses are generated by CMOS logic circuits and transmitted by a 4 × 4 matrix antenna array via two CMOS single-pole-eight-throw (SP8T) switching matrices. Radar signals are received and converted to digital signals by CMOS equivalent time sampling circuits. By rotating the 4 × 4 antenna array, the reference signal is obtained by averaging the waveforms from various positions to extract the breast phantom target response. A signal alignment algorithm is proposed to compensate the phase shift of the signals caused by the system jitter. After extracting the scattered signal from the target, a bandpass filter is applied to reduce the noise caused by imperfect subtraction between original and the reference signals. The confocal imaging algorithm for rotating antennas is utilized to reconstruct the breast image. A 1 cm3 bacon block as a cancer phantom target in a rubber substrate as a breast fat phantom can be detected with reduced artifacts
Partial Deconfinement
We argue that the confined and deconfined phases in gauge theories are connected by a partially deconfined phase (i.e. SU(M) in SU(N), where M < N, is deconfined), which can be stable or unstable depending on the details of the theory. When this phase is unstable, it is the gauge theory counterpart of the small black hole phase in the dual string theory. Partial deconfinement is closely related to the Gross-Witten-Wadia transition, and is likely to be relevant to the QCD phase transition.The mechanism of partial deconfinement is related to a generic property of a class of systems. As an instructive example, we demonstrate the similarity between the Yang-Mills theory/string theory and a mathematical model of the collective behavior of ants [Beekman et al., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2001]. By identifying the D-brane, open string and black hole with the ant, pheromone and ant trail, the dynamics of two systems closely resemble with each other, and qualitatively the same phase structures are obtained
Gut Cryptopatches Direct Evidence of Extrathymic Anatomical Sites for Intestinal T Lymphopoiesis
AbstractAthymic cytokine receptor γ chain mutant mice that lack the thymus, Peyer's patches, cryptopatches (CP), and intestinal T cells were reconstituted with wild-type bone marrow cells. Bone marrow–derived TCR− intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) first appeared within villous epithelia of small intestine overlying the regenerated CP, and these TCR− IEL subsequently emerged throughout the epithelia. Thereafter, TCR+ IEL increased to a comparable number to that in athymic mice and consisted of TCRγδ and TCRαβ IEL. In gut-associated lymphoid tissues of wild-type mice, only CP harbored a large population of c-kithighIL-7R+CD44+Thy-1+/−CD4+/−CD25low/−αEβ7−Lin− (Lin, lineage markers) lymphocytes that included cells expressing germline but not rearranged TCRγ and TCRβ gene transcripts. These findings provide direct evidence that gut CP develop progenitor T cells for extrathymic IEL descendants
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