リチウムカルベノイド及び関連活性種を用いた新規合成反応の開発に関する研究

京都大学0048新制・課程博士工学博士甲第1713号工博第452号新制||工||334(附属図書館)4488UT51-61-I186京都大学大学院工学研究科工業化学専攻(主査)教授 野崎 一, 教授 河西 三省, 教授 安藤 貞一学位規則第5条第1項該当Kyoto UniversityDA

Does Foreign Aid Cause "Dutch Disease"?: Case of Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar and Vietnam

This paper examined the economic impacts of foreign aid from the Dutch-Disease perspective, focusing on the economies of Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar and Vietnam (so-called CLMV). The CLMV were targeted in this study since they have rarely been studied in the literature in this field although their economies have still depended highly on foreign aid. We found no evidence that they have suffered from the Dutch Disease, or rather identified a positive production effect of foreign aid. We speculate that the major use of foreign aid in the CLMV has focused on economic infrastructure, which has given little room for raising consumption and contributed directly to capital accumulation there

シゼン サイガイ ト ストレス : ストレス タイショ ニ オケル イミ オヨビ システム ノ ダンリョクセイ resilience オ チュウシン ニ

Any strong earthquake as a stressor brings not only a lot of harmful effects to our lifeline in a moment, but also gives strong damages to different systems of individual, family and local community. It leads to even functional disorder or dysfunction of each system. The social system, however, restores the balance and is regenerated in consequence of a kind of homeostasis. This essay aims to examine the social process of restoration from the point of view of resilience which shows the power of system coping with crisis. Our findings are as follws. First, individual personality system with resilience could cope with serious crisis, reconstructing the meaning of life. Secondly, family system with resilience could enhance the level of cohesion, coping to the situations of difficulty. Thirdly, local community with resilience could cooperate with outside many associations and social network, recover eventually, and furthemore establish symbolic revival. But these findings are not nonclusive

Structural Diversity Problems and the Solving Method for Antibody Light Chains

The structural diversity (heterogeneity) problem of antibodies has become a big subject along with the development of antibody drugs and catalytic antibodies. The detailed studies on the subject have not been conducted because many difficult and complex problems are existed in the phenomena. The heterogeneity problem is observed in a whole antibody as well as a catalytic antibody. The difficulty and complexity of the heterogeneity are in the generation of many isoforms caused by different charges, different molecular sizes, and/or modifications of amino acid residues. We found that the constant region domain of the antibody light chain also plays an important role in the heterogeneity. It is desirable that the antibody and/or the subunits must have a defined structure for practical use. We found interesting phenomena that copper ion can convert the multi-molecular forms of antibodies to mono-molecular forms. The ion contributed greatly to the enrichment of the dimer-form and the homogenation of the differently charged full-length and constant region domain of the light chain. The role of copper ion must be significant for preparing a single, defined, not multiple, isoform structure. Note that the big problem could be solved by using copper ion during the purification process

Anti-Amyloid-β Single-Chain Antibody Brain Delivery Via AAV Reduces Amyloid Load But May Increase Cerebral Hemorrhages in an Alzheimer\u27s Disease Mouse Model

Accumulation of amyloid-β protein (Aβ) in the brain is thought to be a causal event in Alzheimer\u27s disease (AD). Immunotherapy targeting Aβ holds great promise for reducing Aβ in the brain. Here, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of anti-Aβ single-chain antibody (scFv59) delivery via recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) on reducing Aβ deposits in an AD mouse model (TgAβPPswe/PS1dE9). First, delivery of scFv59 to the brain was optimized by injecting rAAV serotypes 1, 2, and 5 into the right lateral ventricle. Symmetrical high expression of scFv59 was found throughout the hippocampus and partly in the neocortex in both hemispheres via rAAV1 or rAAV5, while scFv59 expression via rAAV2 was mostly limited to one hemisphere. rAAV1, however, induced apoptosis and microglial activation but rAAV5 did not. Therefore, rAAV5 was selected for therapeutic scFv59 delivery in TgAβPPswe/PS1dE9 mice. rAAV5 was similarly injected into the ventricle of 10-month-old TgAβPPswe/PS1dE9 mice and 5 months later its efficacy and safety were evaluated. Immunoreactive Aβ deposits reduced in the hippocampus. Aβ42 levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tended to increase and the Aβ40 : 42 ratio decreased in CSF, suggesting that Aβ42 was relocated from the parenchyma to CSF. Hemorrhages associated with a focal increase in blood vessel amyloid were found in the brain. While immunotherapy has great potential for clearing cerebral Aβ, caution for cerebrovascular effects should be exercised when rAAV-mediated anti-Aβ immunotherapy is applied