Accumulation of Ulva spp. (Chlorophyta) and other seaweed thalli on the shallow sea bottom of Hiroshima Bay (A preliminary survey)

広島湾奥部の大野瀬戸周辺の砂泥海底域で，小型底曳き網（ナマコ桁網）と潜水により，アオサ類等をはじめとする海藻類の堆積状況を調査した。38種の海藻・海草類が採集されたが，現存量では底曳き網による採集物の64～100％をアオサ類が占めていた。アオサ類は水深5m以浅で最も多く採集され，砂浜・干潟に連続する海底勾配の緩やかな浅海底がアオサ類の増殖帯になっていると考えられた。Biomass of Ulva spp. (Chlorophyta) causing ‘green tide’ and other seaweeds accumulated on shallow sea bottom in inner area of Hiroshima Bay was estimated by trawl-net and SCUBA surveys. Thirty-eight species of seaweed and seagrass was sampled, but Ulva spp. was dominant occupying 64-100 % in biomass of all samples. Ulva spp. was sampled most abundantly at the stations shallower than 5 m, and it was indicated that sea bottom with a gentle slope, and located offshore of sandy beaches or tidal-flats offers a suitable condition for Ulva growth

Morphological Studies of Effects of Chloroquine Diphosphate on Fibroblasts and Tumor Cells Ⅱ. Electron Microscopic Study on Morphological Effects of Chloroquine Diphosphate on the Fibroblasts in Granulom

When compared with control, fibroblasts in granulom which was previously in vivo treated with chloroquine diphosphate showed the following changes. 1) The nucleoplasm partially formed abnormal, scattered, small conglomerates. 2) The granules and intracytoplasmic membraneous bodies resembling myelin figure increased in number. 3) Vacuoles containing homogeneous substance increased in number. 4) Large empty vacuoles increased in number. In summary, it may be concluded that the effect exerted by chloroquine diphosphate on the morphology of fibroblasts in granulom is a change of their ultrastructures suggesting a mild cellular degeneration

Morphological Studies of Effects of Chloroquine Diphosphate on Fibroblasts and Tumor Cells Ⅰ. Phase Contrast Microscopic and Cytochemical Study

Effects of chloroquine diphosphate on fibroblasts, Yoshida sarcoma cells, Ehrlich ascites tumor cells and human neutrophils were investigated morphologically by phase contrast microscopy and cytochemical methods. The following results were obtained. 1) Fibroblasts: The fibroblasts obtained from mice previously administered with 25 mg of chloroquine diphosphate per kilogram body weight for five days showed increase of vacuoles and fat droplets in the cytoplasm. The cultured fibroblasts displayed increase of intracytoplasmic fatdroplets by addition of such small amount of chloroquine diphosphate as 2γ per 100 ml to the culture medium. As the concentration of chloroquine became high, increase in size and number of the intracytoplasmic lipid droplets and vacuoles and fragmentation of the mitochondria were observed. 2) The main morphological changes of Yoshida sarcoma cells and Ehrlich ascites tumor cells were increased of intracytoplasmic vacuoles and lipid droplets both in in vivo and in vitro chloroquine treatment. However, these changes of tumor cells were considerably mild when compated with those of fibroblasts which underwent the same treatment. 3) By the treatment of chloroquine, Yoshida sarcoma cells and Ehrlich ascites tumor cells disclosed a slight incrcase of the granules positive in PAS staining. 4) When treated with chloroquine, fat granules of Yoshida sarcoma cells and Ehrlich ascites tumor cells were observed to be increased in size and number in lipid staining. 5) Numerous granules were observed in neutrophils of patients who were administered with chloroquine disphosphate for a long period. However, patien's tumor cells showed no morphological changes. 6) In summary, chloroquine diphosphate can exert mosphological alteration on various cells which was considered to be non-specific cellular degeneration

Electrochemical sensor with dry reagents implemented in lab-on-chip for single nucleotide polymorphism detection

We developed an electrochemical (EC) sensor having dry reagents to detect pyrophosphoric acid (PPi) produced as a by-product of a polymerasechain- reaction (PCR) amplicon for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection. The EC sensor is implementable in a lab-on-chip (LoC) system, and a sensor chip having side-wall electrical connections that enable electrical contacts from the top of the LoC has been developed. We also developed separated on-chip placement of dry reagents divided into three groups in a sensor cavity to suppress background current when there is no PPi. Using this chip, we successfully demonstrated SNP detection in the ABO gene from human blood samples, in combination with the allele-specific PCR amplification method using our developed LoC systemstatus: publishe

Studies on the Treatment of Malignant Tumors With Fibroblasts Inhibiting Agents Basic and Clinical Studies of Chloroquine Derivatives. (1)

Followings are the results derived from the treatment of animal and human cancers with a fibroblasts inhibiting agent such as chloroquine, based on the unique idea of ours. 1). In implanted tumors of animals, the effect was noted in Bashford cancer and Brown-Pearce cancer relatively rich in connective tissue in terms of life prolongation, an inhibition of tumor growth and of decrease of liver catalase activity, an improvement of iron metabolism, an enlargement of necrotic area in histology, an inhibition of connective tissue conponents, and a decrease of acid mucopolysaccharides. A tendency for a decrease of amount and cell numbers of ascites was almost the only effect noted in Ehrlich cancer, Yoshida sarcoma, and MH 134 poor in connective tissue. 2). 75 cases of humau cancer were treated with this agent and among these 75 the effect was evaluated in 40 cases with definite histological diagnosis in respects with subjective and objective improvement. It was effective in 28 cases, resulted failure in 11 cases, and gave an obscure result in 1 case. Cases which were treated for more than 2m onths never resulted in therapeutic failure, indicating that the agent was somehow effective for all cases but those in the last stadium. In respect with organs involved, the effect was most prominent in lung cancer and urinary bladder cancer, somewhat less in gastric cancer, and often seen in carcinomatous peritonitis and many other advanced cancers. This effect was noted in a comparatively short period in terms of subjective improvement, regression in size of tumors in a number of cases, a decrease of serum lactic acid dehydrogenase, and improvement of general condition, a tendency for necrosis of tumor and an inhibition of interstitium. 3). The above results indicate that the agent is more effective for tumors rich in connective tissue and that it's secondary effect on tumors through the inhibition of interstitial connective tissue is considered as the operative mechanism of chloroquine against malignant tumors, but it's anti-inflammatory effect and generalized influence on hosts are to be taken into consideration. The agent is indicated in inoperable cases, postoperative relapse, or prior and following an operation. A search for stronger fibroblasts inhibiting agents and an evaluation of combined therapy with so called anti-cancer agents are being made and that with mitomycin C is giving a fairly promising result

Studies on the Treatment of Malignant Tumors With Fibroblasts Inhibiting Agents Basic and Clinical Studies of Chloroquine Derivatives. (1)

Followings are the results derived from the treatment of animal and human cancers with a fibroblasts inhibiting agent such as chloroquine, based on the unique idea of ours. 1). In implanted tumors of animals, the effect was noted in Bashford cancer and Brown-Pearce cancer relatively rich in connective tissue in terms of life prolongation, an inhibition of tumor growth and of decrease of liver catalase activity, an improvement of iron metabolism, an enlargement of necrotic area in histology, an inhibition of connective tissue conponents, and a decrease of acid mucopolysaccharides. A tendency for a decrease of amount and cell numbers of ascites was almost the only effect noted in Ehrlich cancer, Yoshida sarcoma, and MH 134 poor in connective tissue. 2). 75 cases of humau cancer were treated with this agent and among these 75 the effect was evaluated in 40 cases with definite histological diagnosis in respects with subjective and objective improvement. It was effective in 28 cases, resulted failure in 11 cases, and gave an obscure result in 1 case. Cases which were treated for more than 2m onths never resulted in therapeutic failure, indicating that the agent was somehow effective for all cases but those in the last stadium. In respect with organs involved, the effect was most prominent in lung cancer and urinary bladder cancer, somewhat less in gastric cancer, and often seen in carcinomatous peritonitis and many other advanced cancers. This effect was noted in a comparatively short period in terms of subjective improvement, regression in size of tumors in a number of cases, a decrease of serum lactic acid dehydrogenase, and improvement of general condition, a tendency for necrosis of tumor and an inhibition of interstitium. 3). The above results indicate that the agent is more effective for tumors rich in connective tissue and that it's secondary effect on tumors through the inhibition of interstitial connective tissue is considered as the operative mechanism of chloroquine against malignant tumors, but it's anti-inflammatory effect and generalized influence on hosts are to be taken into consideration. The agent is indicated in inoperable cases, postoperative relapse, or prior and following an operation. A search for stronger fibroblasts inhibiting agents and an evaluation of combined therapy with so called anti-cancer agents are being made and that with mitomycin C is giving a fairly promising result