Management of Root Knot Nematode on Tomato Through Grafting Root Stock of Solanum Sisymbriifolium

The root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp) are difficult to manage once established in the field because of their wide host range, and soil-borne nature. Thus, the aim of the present study was to examine the use of resistant root stock of wild brinjal (Solanum sisymbriifolium) to reduce the loss caused by the nematodes on tomato. For the management of root-knot nematodes, grafted plant with resistant root stock of the wild brinjal was tested under farmers\u27 field conditions at Hemza of Kaski district. Grafted and non-grafted plants were produced in root-knot nematode-free soil. Around three week-old grafted and non-grafted tomato plants were transplanted in four different plastic tunnels where root-knot nematodes had been reported previously. The plants were planted in diagonal position to each other as a pair plot in 80 × 60 cm2 spacing in an average of 20 × 7 m2 plastic tunnels. Galling Index (GI) was recorded three times in five randomly selected plants in each plot at 60 days intervals. The first observation was recorded two months after transplanting. Total fruit yield was recorded from same plants. In the grafted plants, the root system was totally free from gall whereas in an average of 7.5 GI in 0-10 scale was recorded in the non-grafted plants. Fruits were harvested from time to time and cumulated after final harvest to calculate the total fruit yield. It was estimated that on an average tomato fruit yield was significantly (P>0.05) increased by 37 percent in the grafted plants compared with the non-grafted plants. Grafting technology could be used effectively for cultivation of commonly grown varieties, which are susceptible to root-knot nematodes in disease prone areas. This can be used as an alternative technology for reducing the use of hazardous pesticides for enhancing commercial organic tomato production.Journal of Nepal Agricultural Research Council Vol.3 2017: 27-3

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Not AvailableThe livestock husbandry scenario during 2004-06 in some selected villages of Nainital district (Uttarakhand) was assessd from a total of 300 respondents. The information about the existing housing, breeding, milking, feeding and health care practices of livestock was documented. Most of the farmers in the study area kept their animals in kachha house having poor lighting and drainage facility. Breeding of animals is mainly through natural service with available bulls and the artificial insemination (AI) service was at the primitive level (21%). The milking practice involved mostly stripping method and the farmers were very much (80%) aware of clean milk production and they sale their milk to dairy co-operatives. The livestocks were mostly dependent on the locally available feeding resources like oak leaves and unclassified grasses in the village grazing land/forest area for feeding of their livestock round the year. A very few farmers were aware of vaccination programme against important livestock diseases (HS, FMD, PPR, etc.). The major constraintsin livestock development in the study area were - (i) deficiency of quality feed and folder,(ii) poor conception rate (fromAI), (iii) prolonged age at first calving (4-6 years), (iv) unhygienic housing/resting place of animals, (v) poor disease management system, (vi) high morbidity and mortality in livestock, and (vii) little knowledge about vaccination against animal diseases. There is a need to introduce scientific animal health package and practices for adoption amongst small and marginal farmers. The scenario can be improved by providing quality feed and fodder to animals, sound health and management practices and suitable animal breeding practices, which are sustainable in the hill regionsNot Availabl

Percutaneous computed tomography-guided aspiration and biopsy of intrathoracic lesions: Results of 265 procedures

Context: Percutaneous computed tomography (CT)-guided needle aspiration and biopsy technique have developed over time as a method for obtaining tissue specimen. Although this is a minimally invasive procedure, complications do occasionally occur. Aims: The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic yield and complications of 265 percutaneous CT-guided aspiration and biopsy procedures performed on various intrathoracic lesions. Settings and Design: Data of percutaneous CT-guided aspiration and biopsy procedures of intrathoracic lesions performed over a 4 year period were retrospectively analyzed. Subjects and Methods: Procedure details, radiological images, and pathological and microbiological reports were retrieved from radiology records and hospital information system. Technical success, diagnostic yield, and complication rates were calculated. Results: Total 265 procedures were performed for lung (n = 179), mediastinum (n = 73), and pleural lesions (n = 13). Diagnostic yield for lung, mediastinal, and pleural lesions was 80.7%, 74.2, and 75%, respectively, for core biopsy specimens. Major complication was noted in only one procedure (0.4%). Minor complications were noted in 13.6% procedures which could be managed conservatively. Conclusions: Percutaneous CT-guided aspiration and biopsy procedures for intrathoracic lesions are reasonably safe with good diagnostic yield. Complications are infrequent and conservatively managed in most of the cases

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Not AvailableHeterosis and inbreeding depression study was carried out in 8x8 half diallel crosses of cowpea during summer and kharif seasons, 2005. Significant and highest desirable heterosis over mid and better parents was found to the extent of 86.11 and 81.83% for green pod yield per plant, 62.68 and 58.64% for number of pods per plant, 29.37 and 8.21% for pod length, 46.28 and 35.50% for number of seeds per pod, 15.42 and 10.88% for 100 seed weight, 12.16 and 11.72% for number of peduncles per plant, 14.90 and 5.33% for peduncle length, -13.51 and -12.50% for days to 50% flowering, 39.58 and 35.35% for number of primary branches per plant and 89.32 and 22.53% for plant height, respectively. However, except plant height, significant inbreeding depression was found for all the traits like number of primary branches per plant, days to 50% flowering, peduncle length, number of peduncles per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod, 100 seed weight, number of pods per plant and green pod yield per plant.Not Availabl

Cardiovascular disease performance measures in the outpatient setting in India: Insights from the American college of cardiology\u27s PINNACLE India quality improvement program (PIQIP)

Background: India has a growing burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD), yet data on the quality of outpatient care for patients with coronary artery disease, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation in India are very limited. We collected data on performance measures for 68 196 unique patients from 10 Indian cardiology outpatient departments from January 1, 2011, to February 5, 2014, in the American College of Cardiology\u27s PINNACLE (Practice Innovation and Clinical Excellence) India Quality Improvement Program (PIQIP). PIQIP is India\u27s first national outpatient CVD quality-improvement program.Methods and results: In the PIQIP registry, we estimated the prevalence of CVD risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and current tobacco use) and CVD among outpatients. We examined adherence with performance measures established by the American College of Cardiology, the American Heart Association, and the American Medical Association Physician Consortium for Performance Improvement for coronary artery disease, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation. There were a total of 68 196 patients (155 953 patient encounters), with a mean age of 50.6 years (SD 18.2 years). Hypertension was present in 29.7% of patients, followed by diabetes (14.9%), current tobacco use (7.6%), and dyslipidemia (6.5%). Coronary artery disease was present in 14.8%, heart failure was noted in 4.0%, and atrial fibrillation was present in 0.5% of patients. Among eligible patients, the reported use of medications was as follows: aspirin in 48.6%, clopidogrel in 37.1%, and statin-based lipid-lowering therapy in 50.6% of patients with coronary artery disease; RAAS (renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system) antagonist in 61.9% and beta-blockers in 58.1% of patients with heart failure; and oral anticoagulants in 37.0% of patients with atrial fibrillation.Conclusions: This pilot study, initiated to improve outpatient CVD care in India, presents our preliminary results and barriers to data collection and demonstrates that such an initiative is feasible in a resource-limited environment. In addition, we attempted to outline areas for further improvement in outpatient CVD care delivery in India

Protease-Responsive Targeted Delivery of Doxorubicin from Bilirubin-BSA-Capped Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles against Colon Cancer

Bilirubin is regarded as a toxic waste, produced from heme degradation and also acts as a potentially important antioxidant. Bilirubin causes arrest in cell cycle and lead to lesser occurrence of malignancies in individuals, having normal or slender increase in levels of serum bilirubin. Prompted by the dynamic interaction between bilirubin and bovine serum albumin (BSA), bilirubin-BSA complex was explored as a biocompatible cap system for protease responsive delivery device of anticancer drug against colon cancer. Bilirubin, conjugated to the amine terminated and doxorubicin loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles were employed as a novel formulation against colon carcinoma cells. Compared to doxorubicin only, bilirubin in combination with doxorubicin-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticle significantly inhibits tumor cell growth as assessed in MC-38 (murine) and HCT-116 (human) colon cancer cells. Bilirubin-doxorubicin combination potently inhibits proliferation of tumor cells and acted as cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic agent in vitro. Our result demonstrates that this novel cap system could play a precise role in defense against colon cancer by interrupting the pro-cancerogenic survival pathways during carcinogenesis