IMPACT OF SHENG LANGUAGE IN KENYA

Purpose: the aim of the study is to evaluate the impact of sheng language in Kenya Methodology: The study adopted a desktop literature review method (desk study). This involved an in-depth review of studies related to sheng language and its effect in Kenya. The research involved literature search and paper review of information on impact of sheng language with respect to the value of archival materials. Where appropriate, the review on how to rethink and reorganize what is being done to solve sheng language challenges in Kenya by policymakers was done. Findings: Sheng is pervasive among Kenyan youths and they have adopted it as an identity marker. It is a variety that unifies them, creating in-group solidarity against outsiders. Sheng has now transcended socioeconomic class boundaries and is used by many youths irrespective of social class or gender. It is possible for a multilingual society to employ different languages in a diglossic manner and have all of them co-existing and enriching one another as they function in their different contexts. When this is put into practice, then the spread of Sheng\u27 will no longer be perceived as a threat to the phenomenology of its\u27 speakers because the users will be able to balance its use and to integrate its values with those they draw from other languages through language enriching process of multilingualism. Unique contribution to theory, policy, and practice: Sheng\u27 be nurtured in the same manner other Kenyan languages are nurtured. After all, it has one of the largest and growing speech communities in the country. In today\u27s world, knowledge societies are pluralistic and inclusive; Sheng\u27 therefore should be allowed to add another "˜feather\u27 to the Kenyan pluralistic hat

Tissue Amyloid P Component in Normal Human Dermis is Non-covalently Associated with Elastic Fiber Microfibrils

Tissue amyloid P component (TAP), a protein that crossreacts immunohistochemically with the normal plasma glycoprotein serum amyloid P component (SAP), is invariably associated with elastic fiber microfibrils in adult humans. We have investigated the nature of this association. Aliquots of minced, homogenized dermis, obtained following ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) separation of whole adult human skin, were extracted with different reagents, and the presence or absence of TAP in the pellet and in the supernatant following centrifugation was determined by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting using anti-SAP antibodies. TAP was extractable from dermis using reagents which disrupt non-covalent bonds, including sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and guanidine hydrochloride. TAP was not extracted by high molarity salt solutions, non-ionic detergents, or the reducing agents dithiothreitol and 2-mercaptoethanol. EDTA solution was similarly unsuccessful at eluting TAP from the dermal preparation, indicating that the association of TAP with elastic fiber microfibrils is not simply the result of Ca++-dependent binding. Collagenase solubilized some TAP, but this does not prove covalent linkage to elastic tissue of part of the TAP, because the apparent Mr of TAP extracted was identical to that of normal SAP subunits. We cannot completely exclude the possibility that a few subunits in each multimeric TAP molecule are covalently attached to the microfibrils. However, our findings that denaturing agents alone extracted most of the TAP from normal human dermis strongly suggest that the great majority of the dermal TAP is non-covalently bound to elastic fiber microfibrils. Thus TAP is not an integral constitutent of elastic fiber microfibrils