A hybrid architecture for robust parsing of german

This paper provides an overview of current research on a hybrid and robust parsing architecture for the morphological, syntactic and semantic annotation of German text corpora. The novel contribution of this research lies not in the individual parsing modules, each of which relies on state-of-the-art algorithms and techniques. Rather what is new about the present approach is the combination of these modules into a single architecture. This combination provides a means to significantly optimize the performance of each component, resulting in an increased accuracy of annotation

Interaction of Tet Repressor with Operator DNA and with Tetracycline Studied by Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy

AbstractTet repressor (TetR) is involved in the most abundant mechanism of tetracycline (Tc) resistance of Gram-negative bacteria. Raman spectra were measured for the class D TetR protein, for an oligodeoxyribonucleotide with sequence corresponding to operator site O1, and for the TetR:oligonucleotide complex. TetR forms a complex with [Ni-Tc]+, which does not bind to operator DNA. Raman and infrared measurements indicate nearly identical conformations of TetR with and without [Ni-Tc]+. Differences between the experimental spectrum of the TetR:operator DNA complex and the computed sum of the component spectra provide direct spectroscopic evidence for changes in DNA backbone torsions and base stacking, rearrangement of protein backbone, and specific contacts between TetR residues and DNA bases. Complex formation is connected with intensity decrease at 1376cm−1 (participation of thymine methyl groups), intensity increase at 1467cm−1 (hydrogen bond formation at guanine N7), decreased intensity ratio I854/I823 (increased hydrophobicity of tyrosine environment), increased intensity at 1363cm−1 (increased hydrophobicity of tryptophan ring environment), differences in the range 670–833cm−1 (changes in B-DNA backbone torsions and base stacking), and decreased intensity of the amide I band (structural rearrangement of TetR backbone consistent with a reduction of the distance between the two binding helices)

Prion Protein Misfolding

The crucial event in the development of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) is the conformational change of a host-encoded membrane protein - the cellular PrPC - into a disease associated, fibril-forming isoform PrPSc. This conformational transition from the α-helix-rich cellular form into the mainly β-sheet containing counterpart initiates an ‘autocatalytic’ reaction which leads to the accumulation of amyloid fibrils in the central nervous system (CNS) and to neurodegeneration, a hallmark of TSEs

Volume 2 - Literature review of adsorption on metal surfaces Final report, 1 May 1966 - 2 Jul. 1967

Atom and ion desorption energy, chemisorption theory and surface bonds, work functions and potential energy in literature review of adsorption on metal surface

An adaptable model for growth and/or shrinkage of droplets in the respiratory tract during inhalation of aqueous particles

AbstractThe site of deposition of pulmonary delivered aerosols is dependent on the aerosol׳s droplet size distribution, which may change during inhalation. The aim of this study was to develop a freely accessible and adaptable model that describes the growth (due to condensation) and shrinkage (due to evaporation) of inhaled droplets as a function of the distance from the airway wall during various inhalation conditions, for a laminar flow scenario. This was achieved by developing a model with which the evaporation of water from a droplet surface or condensation of water onto the droplet surface can be calculated. This model was then applied to a second model that describes the heat and mass transfer from the airway wall to the inhaled aerosol. The latter was based on the Weibel model. It was found that the growth and shrinkage of inhaled droplets markedly differs, depending on the distance from the airway wall. Droplets near the wall start to grow immediately due to fast water vapor transfer from the wall to the cold inhaled air. This growth continues until the air reaches body temperature and is fully saturated. However, droplets in the center of the airway first evaporate partly, due to a delay in water vapor transfer from the airway wall, before they start to grow. Depending on the conditions during inhalation, the droplet size distribution can widen considerably, which may affect the lung deposition and thereby the efficacy of the inhalation therapy. In conclusion, the model was able to show the effect of the conditions in the respiratory tract on the growth and shrinkage of inhaled droplets during standard inhalation conditions. Future developments can be aimed at expanding the model to include turbulent flow and hygroscopic growth, to improve the accuracy of the model and make it applicable to both droplets of solutions and dry particles