Volume 2 - Literature review of adsorption on metal surfaces Final report, 1 May 1966 - 2 Jul. 1967

Atom and ion desorption energy, chemisorption theory and surface bonds, work functions and potential energy in literature review of adsorption on metal surface

Ileo-Colon Targeting of the Poorly Water-Soluble Drug Celecoxib Using a pH-Dependent Coating in Combination with Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery or Solid Dispersion Systems

Targeting celecoxib to the ileo-colonic region could be beneficial for the treatment and prevention of colon cancer. Ileo-colonic targeting can be achieved by using pH-dependent coating systems such as ColoPulse. Celecoxib has poor aqueous solubility, which may jeopardize optimal treatment. Therefore, we combined a pH-dependent coating with self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) or with solid dispersion systems (SD); two approaches that are often used to improve the dissolution behavior of lipophilic drugs. The dissolution behavior of various formulations of both systems was investigated. Optimized formulations with and without precipitation inhibitors were coated with the ColoPulse and the release of celecoxib was tested under non-sink conditions using an in vitro dissolution system, simulating the pH gradient of the gastrointestinal tract. The dissolution behavior of SDs with and without precipitation inhibitor (sodium dodecyl sulfate) and the SEDDS without precipitation inhibitor was negatively impacted by the coating. Control experiments indicated that components of the coating released in the dissolution medium acted as precipitation mediators. However, the SEDDS formulation with HPMC 4000 cps as a precipitation inhibitor showed excellent dissolution behavior. We hypothesize that HPMC accumulates at the oil/water interface of the emulsion thereby stabilizing the emulsion resulting in maintenance of the supersaturated state

Silencing Heat Shock Protein 47 (HSP47) in Fibrogenic Precision-Cut Lung Slices:A Surprising Lack of Effects on Fibrogenesis?

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic disease that is characterized by the excessive deposition of scar tissue in the lungs. As currently available treatments are unable to restore lung function in patients, there is an urgent medical need for more effective drugs. Developing such drugs, however, is challenging because IPF has a complex pathogenesis. Emerging evidence indicates that heat shock protein 47 (HSP47), which is encoded by the gene Serpinh1, may be a suitable therapeutic target as it is required for collagen synthesis. Pharmacological inhibition or knockdown of HSP47 could therefore be a promising approach to treat fibrosis. The objective of this study was to assess the therapeutic potential of Serpinh1-targeting small interfering RNA (siRNA) in fibrogenic precision-cut lung slices prepared from murine tissue. To enhance fibrogenesis, slices were cultured for up to 144 h with transforming growth factor β1. Self-deliverable siRNA was used to knockdown mRNA and protein expression, without affecting the viability and morphology of slices. After silencing HSP47, only the secretion of fibronectin was reduced while other aspects of fibrogenesis remained unaffected (e.g., myofibroblast differentiation as well as collagen secretion and deposition). These observations are surprising as others have shown that Serpinh1-targeting siRNA suppressed collagen deposition in animals. Further studies are therefore warranted to elucidate downstream effects on fibrosis upon silencing HSP47

Process chain approach to the Bose-Hubbard model: Ground-state properties and phase diagram

We carry out a perturbative analysis, of high order in the tunneling parameter, of the ground state of the homogeneous Bose-Hubbard model in the Mott insulator phase. This is made possible by a diagrammatic process chain approach, derived from Kato's representation of the many-body perturbation series, which can be implemented numerically in a straightforward manner. We compute ground-state energies, atom-atom correlation functions, density-density correlations, and occupation number fluctuations, for one-, two-, and three-dimensional lattices with arbitrary integer filling. A phenomenological scaling behavior is found which renders the data almost independent of the filling factor. In addition, the process chain approach is employed for calculating the boundary between the Mott insulator phase and the superfluid phase with high accuracy. We also consider systems with dimensionalities d>3, thus monitoring the approach to the mean-field limit. The versatility of the method suggests further applications to other systems which are less well understood.Comment: 15 pages, 20 figure

Tensor Regression with Applications in Neuroimaging Data Analysis

Classical regression methods treat covariates as a vector and estimate a corresponding vector of regression coefficients. Modern applications in medical imaging generate covariates of more complex form such as multidimensional arrays (tensors). Traditional statistical and computational methods are proving insufficient for analysis of these high-throughput data due to their ultrahigh dimensionality as well as complex structure. In this article, we propose a new family of tensor regression models that efficiently exploit the special structure of tensor covariates. Under this framework, ultrahigh dimensionality is reduced to a manageable level, resulting in efficient estimation and prediction. A fast and highly scalable estimation algorithm is proposed for maximum likelihood estimation and its associated asymptotic properties are studied. Effectiveness of the new methods is demonstrated on both synthetic and real MRI imaging data.Comment: 27 pages, 4 figure

Genetic Analysis Workshop 16: Strategies for genome-wide association study analyses

National Institutes of Health (AR44422, N01-AR-7-2232); Genome Canada and Associations AFP; Polyarctique-Groupe Taitbout; Rhumatisme et Travail; Arthritis Research Campaign; National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01 GM31575

Crystalline iron oxides stimulate methanogenic benzoate degradation in marine sediment- derived enrichment cultures

Elevated dissolved iron concentrations in the methanic zone are typical geochemical signatures of rapidly accumulating marine sediments. These sediments are often characterized by co-burial of iron oxides with recalcitrant aromatic organic matter of terrigenous origin. Thus far, iron oxides are predicted to either impede organic matter degradation, aiding its preservation, or identified to enhance organic carbon oxidation via direct electron transfer. Here, we investigated the effect of various iron oxide phases with differing crystallinity (magnetite, hematite, and lepidocrocite) during microbial degradation of the aromatic model compound benzoate in methanic sediments. In slurry incubations with magnetite or hematite, concurrent iron reduction, and methanogenesis were stimulated during accelerated benzoate degradation with methanogenesis as the dominant electron sink. In contrast, with lepidocrocite, benzoate degradation, and methanogenesis were inhibited. These observations were reproducible in sediment-free enrichments, even after five successive transfers. Genes involved in the complete degradation of benzoate were identified in multiple metagenome assembled genomes. Four previously unknown benzoate degraders of the genera Thermincola (Peptococcaceae, Firmicutes), Dethiobacter (Syntrophomonadaceae, Firmicutes), Deltaproteobacteria bacteria SG8_13 (Desulfosarcinaceae, Deltaproteobacteria), and Melioribacter (Melioribacteraceae, Chlorobi) were identified from the marine sediment-derived enrichments. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and catalyzed reporter deposition fluorescence in situ hybridization (CARD-FISH) images showed the ability of microorganisms to colonize and concurrently reduce magnetite likely stimulated by the observed methanogenic benzoate degradation. These findings explain the possible contribution of organoclastic reduction of iron oxides to the elevated dissolved Fe2+ pool typically observed in methanic zones of rapidly accumulating coastal and continental margin sediments

Platelet‐Derived Growth Factor Stimulates Bone Fill and Rate of Attachment Level Gain: Results of a Large Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141430/1/jper2205.pd