Seroprevalence of Respiratory Syncytial Virus among Rural Population: Insights into Infection Rates and Immune Status: Pilot Study

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a significant cause of respiratory tract infections, particularly affecting infants, young children, and immunocompromised individuals, with a substantial global burden of morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to assess the seroprevalence of RSV among a rural population in Karad Taluka, India, an area where RSV data is scarce due to its predominantly urban focus. Ethical approval was obtained, and written informed consent was collected from participants' parents or legal guardians Blood samples were collected from individuals aged 16 months to 5 years residing in rural areas, and IgM RSV-specific antibodies were detected to identify recent infections using SERION enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Additionally, demographic information and clinical history were collected through a structured questionnaire. The data were entered into an electronic database, and seroprevalence was calculated based on the proportion of individuals with positive serological results. The study revealed that by the age of 3 years, 81.0% of children exhibited IgM seropositivity to RSV, with a cumulative seroprevalence of 72% in the entire study population. The seroprevalence varied with age, demonstrating an ongoing RSV activity within the community, as evidenced by the high IgM positivity. However, as children grew older, a decline in IgM positivity was observed, possibly due to protective antibodies developed from previous exposures or a longer time elapsed between RSV exposure and sample collection in older children. These findings underscore the vulnerability of young infants to RSV and the need for early protection in India. It highlights the importance of considering timing and age-appropriate administration of RSV vaccines in vaccination strategies, as well as the potential limitations of maternal immunization in protecting preterm infants. Understanding RSV seroprevalence in rural areas is crucial for guiding public health interventions and resource allocation to mitigate the impact of this virus on vulnerable populations, particularly young children who are at the highest risk

Disease Prevalence Due to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (HRSV) and Molecular Nature of G Gene in Different Geographical Region of India: 2005-2022

Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the leading pediatric respiratory pathogen with high morbidity in the first year of life. The morbidity is particularly high in developing countries. it is the most common cause of infant hospitalization and causes a high burden of disease in the elderly. India is a country with vast geographical differences their unique climatic conditions. So, the prevalence of human RSV in different geographical regions is partially understood for a long time.  This review was performed by using a different search engine like Google schooler, PubMed, etc. Significant prevalence and specific RSV virus strain circulation were major keywords used for the search in the Indian pediatric population. Annual incidence rates of RSV–associated hospitalization per 1000 children were highest among infants aged 0–5 months, followed by ages 6–23 months, and lowest among children 24–59 months. hRSV was a substantial cause of hospitalization among children aged < 24 months especially those aged <6 months. Prevalence varies from 2.1% to 44% in different geographical regions. hRSV has a more broadly distributed peak timing. numerous studies of the correlation between climatic factors and hRSV incidence across latitudes found variable and inconsistent correlations between hRSV incidence & temperature, and relative humidity in different parts of the tropical region.However, genotypes ON1, NA1, GA5, and GA2 in the hRSV-A group and group hRSV-B BA, BA9, and BA12 were predominantly circulated in India

Health-related quality of life in transplant ineligible newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients treated with either thalidomide or lenalidomide-based regimen until progression: a prospective, open-label, multicenter, randomized, phase 3 study

Data on the impact of long term treatment with immunomodulatory drugs (IMiD) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is limited. The HOVON-87/NMSG18 study was a randomized, phase 3 study in newly diagnosed transplant ineligible patients with multiple myeloma, comparing melphalan-prednisolone in combination with thalidomide or lenalidomide, followed by maintenance therapy until progression (MPT-T or MPR-R). The EORTC QLQ-C30 and MY20 questionnaires were completed at baseline, after three and nine induction cycles and six and 12 months of maintenance therapy. Linear mixed models and minimal important differences were used for evaluation. 596 patients participated in HRQoL reporting. Patients reported clinically relevant improvement in global quality of life (QoL), future perspective and role and emotional functioning, and less fatigue and pain in both arms. The latter being of large effect size

Imino-Phenolic-Pyridyl Conjugates of Calix[4]arene (L-1 and L-2) as Primary Fluorescence Switch-on Sensors for Zn2+ in Solution and in HeLa Cells and the Recognition of Pyrophosphate and ATP by [ZnL2]

Pyridyl-based triazole-linked calix[4]arene conjugates, viz. L-1 and L-2, were synthesized and characterized. These two conjugates were shown to be selective and sensitive for Zn2+ among the 12 metal ions studied in HEPES buffer medium by fluorescence, absorption, and visual color change with the detection limit of similar to 31and similar to 112 ppb, respectively, by L-1 and L-2. Moreover, the utility of the conjugates L-1 and L-2 in showing the zinc recognition in live cells has also been demonstrateCI using He La cells as monitored by fluorescence imaging. The zinc complexes of L-1 and L-2 were isolated, and the structure of [ZnL1] has been established by single-crystal XRD and that of [ZnL2] by DFT calculations. TDDFT calculations were performed in order to demonstrate the electronic properties of receptors and their zinc complexes. The isolated zinc complexes, viz. [ZnL1] and [ZnL2], have been used as molecular tools for the recognition of anions on the basis of their binding affinities toward Zn2+. [ZnL2] was found to be sensitive and selective toward phosphate-bearing ions and molecules and in particular to pyrophosphate (PP and ATP among the other 18 anions studied; however, [ZnL1] was not sensitive toward any of the anions studied. The selectivity has been shown on the basis of the changes observed in the emission and absorption spectral studies through the removal of Zn2+ from [ZnL2] by PPi. Thus, [ZnL2] has been shown to detect PPi up to 278 +/- 10 ppb at pH 7.4 in aqueous methanolic (1/2 v/v) HEPES buffer

Cd2+ Complex of a Triazole-Based Calix[4]arene Conjugate as a Selective Fluorescent Chemosensor for Cys

An N,N-Dimethylamine ethylimino-appended triazole-linked calix[4]arene conjugate, L, has been synthesized and characterized, and its Cd2+ complex has been isolated and characterized. The structure of [CdL] was established by computational calculation using B3LYP/LANL2DZ. Time-dependent density functional theory calculations were performed to demonstrate the electronic properties of [CdL]. This highly fluorescing [CdL] has been used to recognize Cys selectively among the 20 naturally occurring amino acids. [CdL] exhibits a minimum detection limit of 58 ppb for Cys, with reusability and reversibility being imparted to the system during sensing. Thus, the sensing of Cys was well demonstrated using various techniques, viz., fluorescence, absorption, visual color change, electrospray ionization MS, H-1 NMR, and live cell imaging experiments

Analysis of photographically recorded EXAFS spectra using theoretical model

308-314The EXAFS data obtained by employing laboratory set-ups using X-ray films as detectors, has been analyzed qualitatively and empirically to yield information about molecular structure and average bond length. Such photographic data has been analyzed by Fourier transforming and fitting with theoretical standards using the available software packages in the present paper. The results obtained have been compared with those obtained from another laboratory set-up employing rotating anode X-ray tube with scintillation detector and also with the results obtained from synchrotron EXAFS set-ups using ionization chambers and CCD as detectors. By taking two examples, one of the Cu metal foil spectra, in which EXAFS oscillations are strong and another of the copper complex, viz., Cu(en)2(ONO2)2 [en = ethylenediamine] spectra, in which EXAFS oscillations are weak, it has been shown that the commonly available laboratory EXAFS set-ups employing photographic method of registration can also be used for easy and quick determination of the local structures at least for the first two coordination shells