Dynamical heating of the upper atmosphere

Dynamical heating rates of ionosphere - energy of upward propagating atmospheric gravity wave

Two possible mechanisms for relating terrestrial atmospheric circulation to solar disturbances

During geomagnetic storms, which are initiated by solar disturbances, two cells of circulatory motion are established in the polar ionosphere. The torques that contribute to either cell might be as great as 10 to the 24 power dyne cm, and may persist for times of the order 100,000 sec. The angular momentum contributed to a cell may be as great as 10 to the 29th power g sq cm/sec. Angular momentum is discussed

Atmospheric gravity waves- a new toy for the wave theorist

Atmospheric gravity waves - anistropy of propagation and anistropies and reflection processes arising in practice related to ionospheric and plasma propagatio

Direct Evidence for the Source of Reported Magnetic Behavior in "CoTe"

In order to unambiguously identify the source of magnetism reported in recent studies of the Co-Te system, two sets of high-quality, epitaxial CoTe$_x$ films (thickness $\simeq$ 300 nm) were prepared by pulse laser deposition (PLD). X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows that all of the films are epitaxial along the [001] direction and have the hexagonal NiAs structure. There is no indication of any second phase metallic Co peaks (either $fcc$ or $hcp$) in the XRD patterns. The two sets of CoTe$_x$ films were grown on various substrates with PLD targets having Co:Te in the atomic ratio of 50:50 and 35:65. From the measured lattice parameters $c = 5.396 \AA$ for the former and $c = 5.402\AA$ for the latter, the compositions CoTe$_{1.71}$ (63.1% Te) and CoTe$_{1.76}$ (63.8% Te), respectively, are assigned to the principal phase. Although XRD shows no trace of metallic Co second phase, the magnetic measurements do show a ferromagnetic contribution for both sets of films with the saturation magnetization values for the CoTe$_{1.71}$ films being approximately four times the values for the CoTe$_{1.76}$ films. $^{59}$Co spin-echo nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) clearly shows the existence of metallic Co inclusions in the films. The source of weak ferromagnetism reported in several recent studies is due to the presence of metallic Co, since the stoichiometric composition "CoTe" does not exist.Comment: 19 pages, 7 figure

Low-Dose Continuous 5-Fluorouracil Combined with Leucovorin, nab-Paclitaxel, Oxaliplatin, and Bevacizumab for Patients with Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis.

BackgroundContinuous-infusion 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and calcium leucovorin plus nab-paclitaxel and oxaliplatin have been shown to be active in patients with pancreatic cancer. As a protracted low-dose infusion, 5FU is antiangiogenic, and has synergy with bevacizumab. As shown in the treatment of breast cancer, bevacizumab and nab-paclitaxel are also synergetic.ObjectiveIn this paper we retrospectively analyze the survival of 65 patients with advanced pancreatic cancer who were treated with low-dose continuous (metronomic) chemotherapy given in conjunction with conventional anti-VEGF therapy.Patients and methodsSince July of 2008, we have treated 65 patients with 5FU (180 mg/m2/day × 14 days) via an ambulatory pump. Calcium leucovorin (20 mg/m2 IV), nab-paclitaxel (60 mg/m2) IV as a 30-min infusion, and oxaliplatin (50 mg/m2) IV as a 60-min infusion were given on days 1, 8, and 15. Bevacizumab (5 mg/kg) IV over 30 min was administered on days 1 and 15. Cycles were repeated every 28-35 days. There were 42 women and 23 men, and the median age was 59 years. Forty-six patients had stage IV disease.ResultsThe median survival was 19 months, with 82% of patients surviving 12 months or longer. The overall response rate was 49%. There were 28 patients who had received prior treatment, 15 of whom responded to therapy. Fifty-two patients had elevated CA 19-9 prior to treatment. Of these, 21 patients had 90% or greater reduction in CA 19-9 levels. This cohort had an objective response rate of 71% and a median survival of 27 months. Thirty patients stopped treatment due to disease progression, and an additional 22 stopped because of toxicity. One patient died while on therapy.ConclusionsThis non-gemcitabine-based regimen resulted in higher response rates and better survival than what is commonly observed with therapy given at conventional dosing schedules. Low-dose continuous (metronomic therapy) cytotoxic chemotherapy combined with antiangiogenic therapy is safe and effective

Local Structure and It's Effect on The Ferromagnetic Properties of La0.5_{0.5}Sr0.5_{0.5}CoO3_3 thin films}

We have used high-resolution Extended X-ray Absorption Fine-Structure and diffraction techniques to measure the local structure of strained La$_{0.5}$Sr$_{0.5}$CoO$_3$ films under compression and tension. The lattice mismatch strain in these compounds affects both the bond lengths and the bond angles, though the larger effect on the bandwidth is due to the bond length changes. The popular double exchange model for ferromagnetism in these compounds provides a correct qualitative description of the changes in Curie temperature $T_C$, but quantitatively underestimates the changes. A microscopic model for ferromagnetism that provides a much stronger dependence on the structural distortions is needed.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure