Language, perception and production in profoundly deaf children

Prelingually profoundly deaf children usually experience problems with language learning (Webster, 1986; Campbell, Burden & Wright, 1992). The acquisition of written language would be no problem for them if normal development of reading and writing was not dependent on spoken language (Pattison, 1986). However, such children cannot be viewed as a homogeneous group since some, the minority, do develop good linguistic skills. Group studies have identified several factors relating to language skills: hearing loss and level of loss, I.Q., intelligibility, lip-reading, use of phonology and memory capacity (Furth, 1966; Conrad, 1979; Trybus & Karchmer, 1977; Jensema, 1975; Baddeley, Papagno & Vallar, 1988; Baddeley & Wilson, 1988; Hanson, 1989; Lake, 1980; Daneman & Carpenter,1980). These various factors appear to be interrelated, with phonological awareness being implicated in most. So to understand behaviour, measures of all these factors must be obtained. The present study aimed to achieve this whilst investigating the prediction that performance success may be due to better use of phonological information. Because linguistic success for the deaf child is exceptional, a case study approach was taken to avoid obscuring subtle differences in performance. Subjects were screened to meet 6 research criteria: profound prelingual deafness, no other known handicap, English the first language in the home, at least average non-verbal IQ , reading age 7-9 years and inter-subject dissimilarities between chronological reading age discrepancies. Case histories were obtained from school records and home interviews. Six subjects with diverse linguistic skills were selected, four of which undertook all tests. Phonological awareness and development was assessed across several variables: immediate memory span, intelligibility, spelling, rhyme judgement, speech discrimination and production. There was considerable inter-subject performance difference. One boy's speech production was singled out for a more detailed analysis. Useful aided hearing and consistent contrastive speech appear to be implicated in other English language skills. It was concluded that for phonological awareness to develop, the deaf child must receive useful inputs from as many media as possible (e.g., vision, audition, articulation, sign and orthography). When input is biassed toward the more reliable modalities of audition and articulation, there is a greater possibility of a robust and useful phonology being derived and thus better access to the English language

How to Motivate Adults to Check for Alzheimer's Disease (AD) Using Three Types of Triggers

In the United States, about 1/3 of seniors die with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) or a related dementia. Age, family history, education, and lifestyle are some of the most important factors leading to AD among adults. This research paper investigates how to motivate adults who are 50 years or older to visit a/their primary physician regularly in order to discover AD in the early stage by the influence of three triggers. Fogg’s Behavioral Model (FBM) was used as the basis for this study. This research involved conducting semi-structured interviews in three case studies using three triggers: oral documentation, video, and a smartphone app. The findings showed that the smartphone app and the oral documentation triggers had a positive impact in motivating people to have the intention to carry out the target behavior. However, the video trigger had low impact in terms of motivating people.

Evaluating the Enzymatic Activity of Transformed X. cucurbitae

Introduction The United States’ pumpkin industry exceeds one billion dollars [1], with Illinois contributing to over 90% of processing pumpkin production. Pumpkin growers face a rising concern due to the increasing occurrence of Xanthomonas cucurbitae , the pathogen that causes bacterial spot disease in cucurbits, including pumpkins. X. cucurbitae infection leads to the appearance of small, sunken, beige spots on cucurbit fruits and leaves. Over time, the bacterium can compromise fruit integrity by breaking down the epidermis and cuticle. • Bacterial spot disease also creates opportunities for other bacteria and fungi to infiltrate the affected fruits, leading to fruit rot in both field and storage [2]

How to Motivate Adults to Check for Alzheimer\u27s Disease (AD) Using Three Types of Triggers

In the United States, about 1/3 of seniors die with Alzheimer\u27s Disease (AD) or a related dementia. Age, family history, education, and lifestyle are some of the most important factors leading to AD among adults. This research paper investigates how to motivate adults who are 50 years or older to visit a/their primary physician regularly in order to discover AD in the early stage by the influence of three triggers. Fogg’s Behavioral Model (FBM) was used as the basis for this study. This research involved conducting semi-structured interviews in three case studies using three triggers: oral documentation, video, and a smartphone app. The findings showed that the smartphone app and the oral documentation triggers had a positive impact in motivating people to have the intention to carry out the target behavior. However, the video trigger had low impact in terms of motivating people.

The Effect of Implementing an SMS Messaging System to Overcome the Lack of Transmission of HPV Facts in Saudi Arabia

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are the leading cause of cervical cancer, which kills hundreds of thousands of women around the world. Facts about HPV exist, yet there is a lack of knowledge about it among women who need to know. One factor that limits the spread of knowledge is that HPV is marked by stigma. Another is factor is language barriers. The main aim of this research is to develop and implement a theory of the solution (Markus, 2014). The solution designed involves a 2-way interactive messaging system, directed by an HPVWA flowchart, to increase and maintain women\u27s self-efficacy to educate themselves about HPV. The system is one possible solution to the problem of the lack of transmission of HPV facts. 34 Saudi women participated in the research. Its results indicate that using an SMS messaging system is an effective method to use to increase and maintain women\u27s self-efficacy

FAKTOR-FAKTOR PENGHAMBAT MAHASISWA UNTUK BERWIRAUSAHA (STUDI KASUS MAHASISWA NON-REKAYASA POLITEKNIK NEGERI SRIWIJAYA PALEMBANG)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan tentang faktor-faktor penghambat mahasiswa untuk berwirausaha (Studi Kasus pada Mahasiswa Non-Rekayasa Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya), mengetahui faktor apa saja yang menjadi penghambat mahasiswa untuk memulai maupun menjalankan usaha serta faktor apa yang paling dominan yang menjadi penghambat mahasiswa untuk memulai maupun menjalankan usaha dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang kemudian diolah menggunakan rumus presentase jawaban. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya Palembang. Subjek penelitian ini adalah Mahasiswa Non-Rekayasa Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya dengan sampel sebanyak 100 Responden yang terdiri dari mahasiswa DIII/DIV. Data yang diperoleh dari penulisan Laporan Akhir ini adalah dengan menggunakan teknik studi lapangan, angket (kuesioner), dan studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa jumlah mahasiswa yang berusaha masih sedikit yaitu dari 100 responden (Mahasiswa Non-Rekayasa POLSRI) yang mempunyai keinginan untuk menjadi seorang wirausaha begitu banyak yaitu 69 persen. Hal ini terjadi karena banyak faktor yang menghambat dan yang paling dominan menghambat mahasiswa untuk berwirausaha adalah bingung untuk bisnis apa dan tidak ada yang menuntun/mentor dalam berwirausaha. Penulis merumuskan bahwa mata kuliah kewirausaha harus tetap diberikan serta memberikan peluang usaha kepada mahasiswa dengan cara mengadakan bazar atau pelatihan tentang kewirausahaan agar terciptanya wirausaha muda dan semakin banyak terciptanya lapangan pekerjaan sehingga mengurangi pengangguran di Indonesi

Construction of a Tn5 mutant library in Xanthomonas cucurbitae

The health and yield of important crop plants around the world is a significant concern when faced with food scarcity in the generations to come. The Xanthomonas bacterial genus can infect more than 400 different plant species including economically important crops such as rice and soy. In Illinois, Xanthomonas cucurbitae can infect pumpkin and winter squash and cause bacterial spot disease (Figure 1) resulting in up to 100% yield loss of pumpkin crops. The disease caused by this pathogen has become one of the most significant threats to production of pumpkins in Illinois, the U.S. and the world. There are several known virulence factors in the Xanthomonas genus that induce pathogenic response in host plants. These include the hypersensitive response and pathogenicity (hrp) gene cluster and quorum-sensing (QS) pathways. Much of the genome of X. cucurbitae, however, is unknown. We aim to identify and understand the function of novel virulence genes in the X. cucurbitae genome by generating a transposonmediated mutant library and analyzing mutants for genes involved in QS response and hrp activity by using a reporter plasmid to allow for screening of the transposon’s effects

A transfer matrix approach to aid in the design and optimization of hybrid advanced passive structures for enhancing photovoltaic efficiency

The addition of a luminescent down-shifting (LDS) layer directly onto a photovoltaic (PV) cell introduces additional loss mechanisms within the system. The combination of non-ideal photo-luminescent materials encapsulated within a limited range of viable host materials, with the increased reflection losses arising from the newly created interface represent losses which must be overcome for LDS to offer an enhancement to the underlying cells efficiency. Exploiting the interaction between the highly enhanced electric fields established close to a metal nanoparticles (MNP’s) surface is one route aimed at mitigating the poor optical properties of the luminophore-host combinations available. Alternative approaches, aimed at addressing the other loss mechanisms within such a system have gone relatively unexplored. Exploiting the non-ideal nature of the photo-luminescent materials available, offers a possibility of recycling the photons which previously did not undergo photoluminescence while also addressing the reflection losses through the inclusion of selectively reflecting optical structures. The hybrid device designs, incorporating single- and double layer- antireflection coatings composed of commonly available materials offer enhancements in the underlying PV cells performance of 8% - 30% depending upon the design criteria established. The transfer matrix approach adopted allowed the impact of individual design considerations on the reflection suppression capabilities of the structure, as well as their impact on the underlying cells efficiency to be readily determined

Evaluating the Efficiency in the Application of Transformation and CRISPR/Cas9 Gene-editing Technique on Pumpkins

With the simplicity of a unique genome engineering mechanism, CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technique has amazed scholars with its effectiveness and efficiency in manipulating gene sequences.[1] As this advanced technique develops, its applications on different species arise as prominent subjects yet to be determined. Due to the great economic value of pumpkins and the need for examining CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing efficiency, Casperita pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) is chosen as the subject to be investigated on. Through introducing CRISPR/Cas9 system —for modifying phytoene desaturase (PDS) gene— into pumpkin seeds with Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, we regenerate transgenic pumpkins and expect to observe albino leaves in the transformed plants. By identifying mutated pumpkins and analyzing genotyping data, the efficiency in the application of transformation and CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technique on pumpkins can be established. Utilizing the findings, we aim to make contribution in developing an effective, promising gene-editing practice for pumpkin and maximizing its benefits in agriculture