Voting at 16 – lessons for the future from the Scottish Referendum

The 2014 Referendum on Scottish independence raised many issues about the future of Scotland. It also produced an innovation as regards the electoral process by making 16 years the minimum age of participation. This article examines issues surrounding the voting age and draws on a schools-based study, which shed light on teacher and pupil opinion about this lower than usual threshold for voting. It is also concerned with how schools cover the teaching of politics and prepared students for the Referendum debate within a context of expected neutrality on a highly divisive matter. Some implications of extending the lower voting age for future elections are discussed

The Bookshop as an Experiencescape: the future of the physical book and the bookshop in the digital era

The purpose of this thesis is to position the physical and independent bookshop in the digital era, claiming that they do have a strong place there. The rationale of viewing the bookshop as a space in which an experience can be had, intends to give independent bookshops a guide on how to remain as such. I focused on an English language bookshop in Istanbul, Turkey and conducted fieldwork for 3 months. To evaluate and learn from the findings I used the concept of Experiencescapes and the theories of liminality, fetishism and sign value. The material gathered was all primary and collected by means of interviews, observations and walk-along interviews. The significance of these results is that the shop is to be seen as not only a space in which a book is sold, but also an experience and the values imposed on English language books in Istanbul. These findings will act as a guide for independent bookshops in their battle against digital technologies and alternatives.Makale ozeti Tezimin amacı fiziksel kitap ve bağımsız kitabevlerinin dijital dönemdeki konumunu belirlemektir. Tezime göre kitap ve kitabevlerinin gelecekte hala güçlü bir konumu olacaktır. Kitabevini “tecrübe yeri (experiencescape)” olarak görme düşüncesi, dijital dönemde kitapevlerinin ayakta kalmalarına yol gösterebilir. Bu çalışma için, İstanbul’daki bir İngilizce kitabevine odaklanıp 3 ay süreyle antropolojik bir araştırma yaptım. Birincil kaynaklarımı hem görüşme hem gözlem hem de “gezerek görüşme (walk-along interview)” aracılığıyla topladım. Topladığım verilere “tecrübe yeri (experiencescape)” konsepti, fetişizm (fetishism), esiktelik (liminality) ve işaret değeri (sign value) kuramlarını uyguladım. Bulgularıma göre, dijital dönemde kitabevi sadece “kitap için bir ev” değildir. İstanbul’da araştırma yaptığım kitapevinde, satılanın kitaplar değil tecrübenin ve İngilizce kitaplara yüklenen değerlerin olduğunu gördüm. Bu bulgular kitabevlerine dijital teknoloji ve seçeneklere karsı ayakta kalma savaşlarında yardım edebilir

Leadership guidance for public secondary schools

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston University, 1946. This item was digitized by the Internet Archive

Leadership guidance for public secondary schools

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston University, 1946. This item was digitized by the Internet Archive

Space environmental effects on LDEF composites: A leading edge coated graphite epoxy panel

The electronics module cover for the leading edge (Row D 9) experiment M0003-8 was fabricated from T300 graphite/934 epoxy unidirectional prepreg tape in a (O(sub 2), +/- 45, O(sub 2), +/- 45, 90, 0)(sub s) layup. This 11.75 in x 16.75 in panel was covered with thermal control coatings in three of the four quadrants with the fourth quadrant uncoated. The composite panel experienced different thermal cycling extremes in each quadrant due to the different optical properties of the coatings and bare composite. The panel also experienced ultraviolet (UV) and atomic oxygen (AO) attack as well as micrometeoroid and space debris impacts. An AO reactivity of 0.99 x 10(exp -24) cm(sup 3)/atom was calculated for the bare composite based on thickness loss. The white urethane thermal control coatings (A276 and BMS 1060) prevented AO attack of the composite substrate. However, the black urethane thermal control coating (Z306) was severely eroded by AO, allowing some AO attack of the composite substrate. An interesting banding pattern on the AO eroded bare composite surface was investigated and found to match the dimensions of the graphite fiber tow widths as prepregged. Also, erosion depths were greater in the darker bands. Five micrometeoroid/space debris impacts were cross sectioned to investigate possible structural damage as well as impact/AO interactions. Local crushing and delaminations were found to some extent in all of the impacts. No signs of coating undercutting were observed despite the extensive AO erosion patterns seen in the exposed composite material at the impact sites. An extensive microcrack study was performed on the panel along with modeling of the thermal environment to estimate temperature extremes and thermal shock. The white coated composite substrate displayed almost no microcracking while the black coated and bare composite showed extensive microcracking. Significant AO erosion was seen in many of the cracks in the bare composite