Antioxidant pectins from eggplant (Solanum melongena) fruit exocarp, calyx and flesh isolated through high-power ultrasound and sodium carbonate

Dried and milled eggplant fruit peel and calyces (PC) and mesocarp, placenta and core (Mes) were utilized as natural sources of valuable chemicals. Pectins were extracted with 0.1 M Na2CO3 (1 h; 23 °C). A high-power ultrasound (US) pretreatment (10 min net time; 12.76 W/cm2 power intensity) in 10:200 (g/mL) powder:water ratio led to the lowest solvent and energy consumptions after the subsequent 0.1 M Na2CO3 stirring, permitting the highest recoveries of uronic acid (UA) from PC and Mes (80.25 and 93.8 %, respectively). Homogalacturonans (>65 % w/w UA) of low degree of methylesterification, of acetylation, and 90,214–138,184 Da molecular weights with low polydispersity (≈1.32–1.40) were obtained. They included released ferulate (≈3.5 mg/100 g) esterified pectins. Antioxidants (caffeoylquinic acid, putrescine and spermidine derivatives, β-carotene, lutein) gave additional technological value to their thickening effect as pectins protected tryptophan, tyrosine, alkyl side chains and sulfhydryl of skim milk proteins from UV-C photo-oxidation.Fil: Higuera Coelho, Ricardo Alejandro. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Industrias. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos y Procesos Químicos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos y Procesos Químicos; ArgentinaFil: Basanta, Maria Florencia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Industrias. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos y Procesos Químicos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos y Procesos Químicos; ArgentinaFil: Rossetti, Luciana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Agroindustria. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos; ArgentinaFil: Pérez, Carolina Daiana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Agroindustria. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos; ArgentinaFil: Rojas, Ana Maria Luisa. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Industrias. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos y Procesos Químicos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos y Procesos Químicos; ArgentinaFil: Fissore, Eliana Noemi. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Industrias. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos y Procesos Químicos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos y Procesos Químicos; Argentin

Antioxidant pectins from eggplant (Solanum melongena) fruit exocarp, calyx and flesh isolated through high-power ultrasound and sodium carbonate

Dried and milled eggplant fruit peel and calyces (PC) and mesocarp, placenta and core (Mes) were utilized as natural sources of valuable chemicals. Pectins were extracted with 0.1 M Na2CO3 (1 h; 23 °C). A high-power ultrasound (US) pretreatment (10 min net time; 12.76 W/cm2 power intensity) in 10:200 (g/mL) powder:water ratio led to the lowest solvent and energy consumptions after the subsequent 0.1 M Na2CO3 stirring, permitting the highest recoveries of uronic acid (UA) from PC and Mes (80.25 and 93.8 %, respectively). Homogalacturonans (>65 % w/w UA) of low degree of methylesterification, of acetylation, and 90,214–138,184 Da molecular weights with low polydispersity (≈1.32–1.40) were obtained. They included released ferulate (≈3.5 mg/100 g) esterified pectins. Antioxidants (caffeoylquinic acid, putrescine and spermidine derivatives, β-carotene, lutein) gave additional technological value to their thickening effect as pectins protected tryptophan, tyrosine, alkyl side chains and sulfhydryl of skim milk proteins from UV-C photo-oxidation. //Resumen: La cáscara y los cálices (PC) y el mesocarpio, la placenta y el núcleo (Mes) de berenjena seca y molida se utilizaron como fuentes naturales de productos químicos valiosos. Las pectinas se extrajeron con Na2CO3 0,1 M (1 h; 23 °C). Un pretratamiento con ultrasonido (US) de alta potencia (10 min de tiempo neto; intensidad de potencia de 12,76 W/cm2) en una proporción de polvo:agua de 10:200 (g/mL) condujo a los consumos de energía y disolvente más bajos después de la agitación posterior con Na2CO3 0,1 M , permitiendo las mayores recuperaciones de ácido urónico (AU) de PC y Mes (80,25 y 93,8 %, respectivamente). Se obtuvieron homogalacturonanos (>65 % p/p UA) de bajo grado de metilesterificación, de acetilación y pesos moleculares 90,214–138,184 Da con baja polidispersidad (≈1.32–1.40). Incluyeron pectinas esterificadas feruladas liberadas (≈3,5 mg/100 g). Los antioxidantes (ácido cafeoilquínico, derivados de putrescina y espermidina, β-caroteno, luteína) dieron un valor tecnológico adicional a su efecto espesante ya que las pectinas protegieron el triptófano, la tirosina, las cadenas laterales de alquilo y el sulfhidrilo de las proteínas de la leche descremada de la fotooxidación UV-C.Instituto de Investigación de Tecnología de Alimentos (ITA)Fil: Higuera Coelho, Ricardo Alejandro. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Industrias-ITAPROQ; Argentina.Fil: Basanta, María Florencia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Industrias-ITAPROQ; Argentina.Fil: Rossetti, Luciana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina.Fil: Perez, Carolina Daiana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina.Fil: Rojas, Ana María Luisa. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Industrias-ITAPROQ; Argentina.Fil: Fissore, Eliana Noemi. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Industrias-ITAPROQ; Argentina

Pectins obtained by ultrasound from agroindustrial by-products

Agroindustrial wastes and by-products from crops can be used for the extraction of valuable components such as pectins, contributing to sustainability and environmental protection. Pectins are complex polysaccharides of the plant cell-walls where fulfill important biological functions, showing high hydration capacity, swelling, thickening, and gelling effects. These features are also of technological interest to the food and pharmaceutical industries. Pectin extraction by conventional techniques involves high-temperature stages and the use of mineral acids which cause deteriorating reactions, loss of functionality, and decreased yield. The acidic and/or alkaline waste streams generated produce environmental pollution and additional costs for effluent treatments. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of pectin allows using less solvent and reduces the environmental impact in terms of energy and time. The present paper reviews some selected bibliography published in the last years concerning the pectin isolation from agroindustrial by-products by means of ultrasound-assisted techniques. A brief revision about pectin structure including the latest results published in relation to interactions with other cell-wall polymers is presented to understand to what extent pectins are modified by the extractive conditions used. The incidence of ultrasound on the yield, chemical structure, molecular weight, and functional properties is discussed concluding that more systematic studies that consider not only the yield but also the process conditions, the chemical composition of the extractant, the chemical structure and functionality of the product, are necessary to have a solid database for process optimization. Moreover, ultrasound combined with other non-conventional techniques can help achieve an efficient extraction, minimizing non-desired changes.Fil: Gerschenson, Lia Noemi. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Industrias. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos y Procesos Químicos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos y Procesos Químicos; ArgentinaFil: Fissore, Eliana Noemi. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Industrias. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos y Procesos Químicos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos y Procesos Químicos; ArgentinaFil: Rojas, Ana Maria Luisa. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Industrias. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos y Procesos Químicos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos y Procesos Químicos; ArgentinaFil: Idrovo Encalada, Alondra Mariela. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Industrias. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos y Procesos Químicos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos y Procesos Químicos; ArgentinaFil: Zukowski, Enzo Fernando. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Industrias. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos y Procesos Químicos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos y Procesos Químicos; ArgentinaFil: Higuera Coelho, Ricardo Alejandro. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Industrias. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos y Procesos Químicos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos y Procesos Químicos; Argentin

Effect of ultrasonic pretreatments on the characteristics of pectin extracted from Salustiana orange cultivated in Argentina

The use of direct and indirect ultrasound pretreatments was evaluated for the extraction of pectin enriched fractions with citric acid (pH 2.3, 85°C) from the albedo and pulp of Salustiana orange. The extractive method that produced the highest yield was the one involving a pretreatment with direct high-power ultrasound (HPUS) (41 g isolated fraction/100 g albedo CM versus 30 g isolated fraction/ 100 g albedo CM for indirect treatment; 39 g isolated fraction/100 g pulp CM versus 26 g isolated fraction/100 g pulp CM for indirect treatment) and allowed extracting the highest amount of pectin from both albedo and pulp. The major neutral sugars found in all fractions were arabinose, galactose, and rhamnose. Pectins were obtained with weight average molecular masses of 566–729 kDa from the albedo and 663–739 kDa from the pulp. All fractions gelled in the presence of sucrose at acidic pH. Pretreatment with HPUS gave origin to the least elastic gels (albedo: G′ higher than 100 Pa, G″ higher than 20 Pa. Pulp: G′ higher than 70 Pa, G″ higher than 25 Pa), while indirect US produced fractions that formed more elastic gels (albedo: G′ higher than 1000 Pa, G″ higher than 250 Pa. Pulp: G′ higher than 500 Pa, G″ higher than 100 Pa). Ultrasound pretreatments allowed obtaining a variety of pectin enriched fractions with interesting characteristics for food formulation. Practical applications: Pectins are widely used as texture modifiers in the food industry. Commercial pectins are commonly obtained from waste from the citrus juice industry, using mineral acids at high temperatures, producing large amounts of polluting effluents. The study of the use of organic acids in combination with clean technologies such as ultrasound, which allow higher pectin yields to be obtained through less polluting processes, is of great interest as an environmentally friendly alternative. Likewise, it is important to demonstrate that the pectins obtained through such technologies are effectively useful for the industry as texture modifying additives. In this work it is proposed to study the effect of the use of indirect and direct ultrasound as pretreatments in the extraction with citric acid of Salustiana orange pectin.Fil: Castellarin, Ivana. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Industrias. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos y Procesos Químicos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos y Procesos Químicos; ArgentinaFil: Higuera Coelho, Ricardo Alejandro. Ministerio de Ciencia. Tecnología e Innovación Productiva. Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Industrias. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos y Procesos Quimicos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos y Procesos Quimicos.; ArgentinaFil: Zukowski, Enzo Fernando. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Industrias. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos y Procesos Quimicos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos y Procesos Quimicos.; Argentina. Ministerio de Ciencia. Tecnología e Innovación Productiva. Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica; ArgentinaFil: Ponce, Nora Marta Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono; ArgentinaFil: Stortz, Carlos Arturo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono; ArgentinaFil: Gerschenson, Lia Noemi. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Industrias. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos y Procesos Quimicos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos y Procesos Quimicos.; ArgentinaFil: Fissore, Eliana Noemi. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Industrias. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos y Procesos Quimicos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos y Procesos Quimicos.; Argentin

Novel gelling pectins from Zea mays husks’ agro-industrial residue and their interaction with calcium and iron (II)

Pectin enriched fractions were isolated from maize husks. High-power ultrasound (US) pretreatment increased the yield in pectin extraction performed through alkaline hydrolysis of ferulate-bridges followed by hydrolysis with cellulase. The fraction obtained (MP-US) was a homogalacturonan (67% w/w uronic acids, UA). MP-US showed an average molecular weight (Mw) of 108,600 Da with a polydispersity (Mw/Mn) of 3.45, which means that the chain lengths are different as is generally observed in pectins even of the same origin. Atomic force microscopy confirmed non-aggregated thin fibres (77-71 nm contour-length), which may justify the exceptional water solubility. Without US, the fraction obtained (MP) was also a homogalacturonan (63% w/w UA) of 166,000 Da of Mw with higher polydispersity (4.24). MP showed aggregated fibres, coinciding with its difficult dissolution in water, as usually observed with pectins. Hydrodynamic diameter at pH 6.0 was lower for MP-US (122 nm) than for MP (350 nm). MP-US and MP interacted with essential human nutrients like calcium and iron (II) in a different manner. Both pectins were overly sensitive to calcium (1.25 × 10􀀀 4 mol/g UA), which electrostatically cross-linked the pectins in thermo-irreversible gels at pH 6.0. Instead, iron (II) formed thermoreversible ?weak-type? gel networks due to the predominance of hydrogen bonding. These features could be relevant for the intestinal bio-accessibility of calcium and iron (II). In conclusion, the novel pectins extracted from corn husks can be useful as texture modifiers in food and pharmaceutical applications, with potential bioactivity for the delivery of essential nutrients, while allowing valorisation of corn residues.Fil: Higuera Coelho, Ricardo Alejandro. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Industrias. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos y Procesos Químicos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos y Procesos Químicos; ArgentinaFil: Lizarraga, Leonardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias "Elizabeth Jares Erijman"; ArgentinaFil: Ponce, Nora Marta Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono; ArgentinaFil: Stortz, Carlos Arturo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono; ArgentinaFil: Rojas, Ana Maria Luisa. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Industrias. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos y Procesos Químicos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos y Procesos Químicos; ArgentinaFil: Bernhardt, Dana Cecilia. Universidad Argentina de la Empresa; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Fissore, Eliana Noemi. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Industrias. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos y Procesos Químicos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos y Procesos Químicos; Argentin

Performance of a modular ton-scale pixel-readout liquid argon time projection chamber

International audienceThe Module-0 Demonstrator is a single-phase 600 kg liquid argon time projection chamber operated as a prototype for the DUNE liquid argon near detector. Based on the ArgonCube design concept, Module-0 features a novel 80k-channel pixelated charge readout and advanced high-coverage photon detection system. In this paper, we present an analysis of an eight-day data set consisting of 25 million cosmic ray events collected in the spring of 2021. We use this sample to demonstrate the imaging performance of the charge and light readout systems as well as the signal correlations between the two. We also report argon purity and detector uniformity measurements, and provide comparisons to detector simulations

Performance of a modular ton-scale pixel-readout liquid argon time projection chamber

International audienceThe Module-0 Demonstrator is a single-phase 600 kg liquid argon time projection chamber operated as a prototype for the DUNE liquid argon near detector. Based on the ArgonCube design concept, Module-0 features a novel 80k-channel pixelated charge readout and advanced high-coverage photon detection system. In this paper, we present an analysis of an eight-day data set consisting of 25 million cosmic ray events collected in the spring of 2021. We use this sample to demonstrate the imaging performance of the charge and light readout systems as well as the signal correlations between the two. We also report argon purity and detector uniformity measurements, and provide comparisons to detector simulations

Performance of a modular ton-scale pixel-readout liquid argon time projection chamber

The Module-0 Demonstrator is a single-phase 600 kg liquid argon time projection chamber operated as a prototype for the DUNE liquid argon near detector. Based on the ArgonCube design concept, Module-0 features a novel 80k-channel pixelated charge readout and advanced high-coverage photon detection system. In this paper, we present an analysis of an eight-day data set consisting of 25 million cosmic ray events collected in the spring of 2021. We use this sample to demonstrate the imaging performance of the charge and light readout systems as well as the signal correlations between the two. We also report argon purity and detector uniformity measurements, and provide comparisons to detector simulations

Performance of a modular ton-scale pixel-readout liquid argon time projection chamber

International audienceThe Module-0 Demonstrator is a single-phase 600 kg liquid argon time projection chamber operated as a prototype for the DUNE liquid argon near detector. Based on the ArgonCube design concept, Module-0 features a novel 80k-channel pixelated charge readout and advanced high-coverage photon detection system. In this paper, we present an analysis of an eight-day data set consisting of 25 million cosmic ray events collected in the spring of 2021. We use this sample to demonstrate the imaging performance of the charge and light readout systems as well as the signal correlations between the two. We also report argon purity and detector uniformity measurements, and provide comparisons to detector simulations

The DUNE Far Detector Vertical Drift Technology, Technical Design Report

International audienceDUNE is an international experiment dedicated to addressing some of the questions at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics, including the mystifying preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe. The dual-site experiment will employ an intense neutrino beam focused on a near and a far detector as it aims to determine the neutrino mass hierarchy and to make high-precision measurements of the PMNS matrix parameters, including the CP-violating phase. It will also stand ready to observe supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. The DUNE far detector implements liquid argon time-projection chamber (LArTPC) technology, and combines the many tens-of-kiloton fiducial mass necessary for rare event searches with the sub-centimeter spatial resolution required to image those events with high precision. The addition of a photon detection system enhances physics capabilities for all DUNE physics drivers and opens prospects for further physics explorations. Given its size, the far detector will be implemented as a set of modules, with LArTPC designs that differ from one another as newer technologies arise. In the vertical drift LArTPC design, a horizontal cathode bisects the detector, creating two stacked drift volumes in which ionization charges drift towards anodes at either the top or bottom. The anodes are composed of perforated PCB layers with conductive strips, enabling reconstruction in 3D. Light-trap-style photon detection modules are placed both on the cryostat's side walls and on the central cathode where they are optically powered. This Technical Design Report describes in detail the technical implementations of each subsystem of this LArTPC that, together with the other far detector modules and the near detector, will enable DUNE to achieve its physics goals