Low-Cost Pedestrian Safety Zones: Countermeasure Selection Resource

Contract DTNH2216D00017/TaskOrder 693JJ919F000174This project consists of two reports, this one and Low-Cost Pedestrian Safety Zones: Countermeasure Selection Resource. They were developed for State Highway Safety Offices and transportation professionals seeking to support and implement low-cost, quick countermeasures to address pedestrian safety. The handbook describes the process of developing and using low-cost pedestrian safety zones. The resource report details low-cost countermeasures as part of pedestrian safety zone efforts. Pedestrian safety zones target a specifically identified area using a complex combination of countermeasures, typically education, enforcement, and engineering. When done correctly, significant improvements are made

Low-Cost Pedestrian Safety Zones: An Eight-Step Handbook

Contract DTNH2216D00017/TaskOrder 693JJ919F000174This project consists of two reports, this one and Low-Cost Pedestrian Safety Zones: Countermeasure Selection Resource. They were developed for State Highway Safety Offices and transportation professionals seeking to support and implement low-cost, quick countermeasures to address pedestrian safety. The handbook describes the process of developing and using low-cost pedestrian safety zones. The resource report details low-cost countermeasures as part of pedestrian safety zone efforts. Pedestrian safety zones target a specifically identified area using a complex combination of countermeasures, typically education, enforcement, and engineering. When done correctly, significant improvements are made

Development of Discrete Size Measurement Methodologies for Motorcycle Helmets

FMVSS No. 218 defines the discrete size of a motorcycle helmet and requires it on the label; however, it does not specify how to measure the size. In addition, there is no standard procedure for determining the helmet positioning index (HPI) used to align the helmet on the headform for measurements and testing. This research developed procedures to determine HPI and to measure discrete size of motorcycle helmets. Four methods for measuring discrete size and one method for determining the HPI were developed and evaluated

Comparative Study of Communities With High Rates of Pedestrian Injuries

693JJ921F000023A primary challenge facing many communities across the United States is understanding, developing, and deploying effective strategies for preventing and minimizing the incidence of pedestrian deaths and injuries. This guidebook documents strategies that communities actively implement to achieve successful pedestrian safety outcomes. A company called 2M Research and the University of North Carolina Highway Safety Research Center identified 12 communities with successful track records of declining pedestrian fatalities. They studied these communities against those with similar populations, density, incomes, geographic regions, and other factors. Their analysis resulted in a discrete set of strategies and best practices that may help to explain the communities\u2019 successes. The researchers describe their study, the results, specific strategy, countermeasures, and solutions in this guidebook for communities seeking solutions most appropriate to address their pedestrian safety problem

Safety Cost-Effectiveness of Incremental Changes in Cross-Section Design: Informational Guide

DTFH61-83-C-00117This guide presents information for estimating the costs and safety benefits which would be expected due to various improvements on specific sections of rural, two-lane roads. Such improvements covered in this guide include lane widening, shoulder widening, shoulder surfacing, side slope flattening, and roadside improvements. This guide will be useful to those involved with the design of 3R-type projects, particularly for improvement projects which will be constructed on existing vertical and horizontal alignment and within the existing right-of-way. The accident relationships with roadway geometrics and cost data contained in this guide resulted from research conducted for the Federal Highway Administration. FHWA research report FHWA/RD-87/008 entitled "Safety Effects of Cross-Section Design for Two-Lane Roads, Volume I, Final Report" contains the major results and conclusions of the study. FHWA research report number FHWA/RD-87/009 subtitled "Volume II, Appendixes" contains details on the data base and the data analysis

Exploring the Impact of Select Speed-Reducing Countermeasures on Pedestrian and Bicyclist Safety

DTNH2217D00042/ DTNH2017F00184Speed is a contributor to both crash frequency and crash severity. This project explored efforts to reduce speed and evaluated their effectiveness in improving safety for pedestrians and bicyclists. Phase 1 was a program scan that identified countermeasures in use throughout the United States. Based on the scan, the team evaluated automated speed enforcement and road conversions in five municipalities to explore their impact on motor vehicle related pedestrian and bicyclist crashes. Phase evaluated safety benefits of a select group of temporary road conversions implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic

Standardized reporting using CODES (Crash Outcome Data Evaluation System)

DTNH-22-97-H-07282While CODES projects have expanded to 25 states, there is no standardized reporting of the outcome measures that are available with linked data. This paper describes our efforts to build a standard format for reporting these outcomes. This format is conceptualized by laying the injury \u201cpyramid\u201d on its side. Outcome measures are reported as columns across a page with increasing levels of severity from left to right. We discuss several aspects of format development including levels of reporting, specific outcome measures, rates, and selection of appropriate denominators. These simplified reports can be used to plan further studies or as a source of information for fact sheets for further dissemination. Examples of implementation of these reports are provided from the Maine CODES project

High-tension Cable Median Barrier Safety Effectiveness Evaluation

(c) 1030652The objective of this study was to evaluate the change in crash frequency or severity of varying lateral offset distances of high-tension cable median barriers in Minnesota. Crash and traffic data from 2016 to present were conjoined with roadway cross-sectional data and high-tension cable barrier locations to perform cross-sectional analyses for interstate segments equal to or greater than 0.05-miles long. Negative binomial regression models were estimated and used to develop crash modification factors (CMFs) for the following crash types: total crashes, target crashes, and barrier crashes. In addition to evaluating the impact of lateral offset, a na\uefve before-after evaluation was completed to quantify the impact of installing high-tension cable barrier

Accident Research Manual

DOT-FH-11-9424Included in this manual is a compilation of sound research techniques that can be used by the engineer/analyst to carry out research related to highway accidents. Because highway engineering administrators must daily decide how best to spend limited numbers of safety dollars, they need to have results from properly conducted and clearly presented accident research for inputs in this decision-making process. This manual was prepared to meet the continuing need for upgraded research, both in the area of analysis of relationships between accidents and other variables and in the area of countermeasure evaluation. The manual is designed for use by the engineer/analyst who has some background in statistical analysis. The manual contains material related to 1) the rationale and the need for improving the level of existing research, 2) the underlying issues that researchers must be familiar with, 3) the components and methodologies used in the two basic types of accident research--research aimed at evaluating countermeasures and research aimed at identifying and examining underlying relationships between accidents and other highway factors, 4) the preparation and distribution of research results, and 5) summary guidelines for the engineer/analyst to use in his research. The manual has been developed for use in classroom training, as a reference text, and/or in a self-study program. Review questions, self-study pre- and post-tests, and references to related texts and articles are included

Florida pedestrian planning and design handbook

187 p. Illustration