Financial Liberalization, Weighted Monetary Aggregates and Money Demand in Indonesia

This study investigates the significance of Divisia monetary aggregates in formulating the monetary policy in Indonesia. A money demand function has been constructed to compare the relative performance for Simple-sum M1 and M2 (SSM1 and SSM2) and Divisia M1 and M2 (DM1 and DM2) monetary aggregates. The econometrics testing procedures that have been utilized in the estimation include unit root test, cointegration test, Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), Granger causality test and residual test. Empirical findings indicate that only DM1 model yields credible result amongst all of the money demand models. The obtained coefficients for DM1 model are consistent with a prior theoretical expectation and carry plausible magnitudes. The DM1 model is satisfactory as proven by the diagnostic tests. Divisia monetary aggregates are proven not only theoretical superior but also empirical valid as useful measurement of money for the case of Indonesia. The central bank of Indonesia may consider using Divisia monetary aggregates as the policy variables in formulating monetary policy.Money Demand; Divisia Money; VECM

The state of deployment and adoption of mobile services in Malaysia: A comparative study

Hitherto, there has been little research on the consumption of mobile technologies in Malaysia. A clear definition allows telcos to focus on the most crucial part of their business and prevent them from repeating the costly mistakes of the recent past by entering and subsequently exiting, non-core businesses and markets.This paper seeks to address the current state of telcos in Malaysia by presenting constructive evidence as recent as second quarter of 2004.This paper offers a compilation of mobile services consumption in a number of leading countries in order to map possible future scenarios on the use of mobile technologies locally. It is only recently that industry has begun to broaden its views of the mobile consumers to include deeper understanding of users’ behaviour.Predictions of increasing revenue from mobile services in the future depend ultimately on the successful development and the satisfaction of an end-user market rather than technical development.This paper serves as foundation for further studies concerning the factors influencing the adoption of mobile entertainment services

Financial Liberalization, Weighted Monetary Aggregates and Money Demand in Indonesia

This study investigates the significance of Divisia monetary aggregates in formulating the monetary policy in Indonesia. A money demand function has been constructed to compare the relative performance for Simple-sum M1 and M2 (SSM1 and SSM2) and Divisia M1 and M2 (DM1 and DM2) monetary aggregates. The econometrics testing procedures that have been utilized in the estimation include unit root test, cointegration test, Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), Granger causality test and residual test. Empirical findings indicate that only DM1 model yields credible result amongst all of the money demand models. The obtained coefficients for DM1 model are consistent with a prior theoretical expectation and carry plausible magnitudes. The DM1 model is satisfactory as proven by the diagnostic tests. Divisia monetary aggregates are proven not only theoretical superior but also empirical valid as useful measurement of money for the case of Indonesia. The central bank of Indonesia may consider using Divisia monetary aggregates as the policy variables in formulating monetary policy

The Role of Advertising Expenditure in Measuring Indonesia’s Money Demand Function

Using the consumer theory approach as suggested by Habibullah (2009), this study aims to shed new light on monetary authority by incorporating advertising expenditure, a variable that has been neglected in the past, into study of the money demand function in Indonesia. In addition, different measurements of monetary aggregates (simple-sum and Divisia money) have been used in the estimation to provide better insight into the selection of a suitable monetary policy variable for the case of Indonesia. Empirical findings from the error-correction model (ECM) indicate that the advertising expenditure variable has a significant impact on the demand for money. Furthermore, as compared to simple-sum money, the model that used Divisia monetary aggregates rendered more plausible estimation results in the estimation of money demand function

The Role of Advertising Expenditure in Measuring Indonesia’s Money Demand Function

Using the consumer theory approach as suggested by Habibullah (2009), this study aims to shed new light on monetary authority by incorporating advertising expenditure, a variable that has been neglected in the past, into study of the money demand function in Indonesia. In addition, different measurements of monetary aggregates (simple-sum and Divisia money) have been used in the estimation to provide better insight into the selection of a suitable monetary policy variable for the case of Indonesia. Empirical findings from the error-correction model (ECM) indicate that the advertising expenditure variable has a significant impact on the demand for money. Furthermore, as compared to simple-sum money, the model that used Divisia monetary aggregates rendered more plausible estimation results in the estimation of money demand function

Associations between home environment, dietary practice, and physical activity among primary school children in Selangor, Malaysia

Introduction: The home environment plays an influential role in affecting dietary and physical activity practices of children. This study aimed to determine the association between the home environment, dietary practice and physical activity among primary school children in Selangor. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in five primary schools selected using multistage stratified sampling. A total of 293 children (32.8% males and 67.2% females) (mean age of 11.0±0.9 years) and their parents (10.7% fathers and 89.3% mothers) completed the study. Dietary practice of the children was assessed using a two-day dietary recall. Energy expenditure and physical activity of the children were-assessed using a two-day physical activity recall. Parents of the children completed the Home Environment Survey (HES). Results: The mean energy intake of the children was 1765±416 kcal/day with 75.0% not achieving the Malaysian Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) for energy. Almost all children (96.5%) . . were physically inactive, with a mean energy expenditure of 1269±342 kcal/day. High availability of fruit/vegetable at home was associated with high vegetable intake (r=0.128, p<0.05) and low fat intake (r=-0.115, p<0.05). High availability of fats/sweets at home (r=0.125, p<0.05) and parental role modelling of healthy eating (r=0.117, p<0.05) were associated with high fruit intake. High availability of physical activity equipment at home was associated with high energy expenditure (r=0.123, p<0.05). Parental role modelling of physical activity was associated with high energy expenditure (r=0.123, p<0.05) and high physical activity (r=0.123, p<0.05). Conclusion: The results indicate the important roles of parents in promoting healthy eating and active lifestyles among children

マレイシア国およびタイ国に分布する甘しょ等いも類の調査, 1990年

1. The expedition to collect and inventory indigenous sweet potato germplasm in Malaysia and Thailand in 1990 was planned by Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery Research Council (AFFRC), Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF), Japan. The collection was carried out for 6 days from February 23 to 28, 1990 in Thailand and the joint exploration was done for 16 days from March 1 to 16, 1990 in Malaysia with the cooperative works between Malaysia and Japan. 2. Two of the three big sweet potato production areas, Chiang Mai area of North Thailand and Rayong area of South Thailand, were selected based on the report of SHIGA and IRIKURA (1982) and surveyed. The collection of sweet potato was made only at local markets in Chiang Mai area and at both of markets and fields in Rayong area. A total of 8 sweet potato tubers and 15 accessions of legume and others were collected as shown in Table 2. 3. For collecting sweet potato germplasm, Sabah and Sarawak have higher priority than other states of Peninsula Malaysia. The expedition sponsored by Tropical Agriculture Research Center, MAFF, Japan, was carried out in Sabah in 1989, and a total of 106 accessions were collected as shown in Table 3. The exploration was conducted mainly in Sarawak and partly in Sabah in 1990. 4. The exploration in Sabah was only done at Ranau, Pantai Barat. It was not surveyed in the previous expedition and was informed as the valuable area for collecting sweet potato. Data were collected from a total of 10 accessions (SB085-SB094) from Sabah, of which only 7 accessions were tuber samples. Weedy or semi-wild sweet potatoes were frequently found at Ranau area. 5. In Sarawak, a total of 56 sweet potato accessions were recorded-45 from the fields and 11 from markets. 37 accessions were tuber samples while vines were collected for 19 accessions, because plants were either too young or old and unmaintained, as shown in Tables 6 and 7. The authors would like to express their sincere gratitude to the great helps and hospitality of the following persons : (Malaysia) 1) Dato\u27 Dr. Mond Yusof Bin HASHIM, MARDI, and the staffs of Miscellaneous Crops Res, Div., MARDI. 2) Mr. Mahinder S. KALSI, Department of Agriculture, Sabah, and the staffs of Research and Extension Divisions, Department of Agriculture, Sabah. 3) Dr. SIM, E. S., Department of Agriculture, Sarawak, and the staffs of Research and Extension Divisions, Daepartment of Agriculture, Sarawak. 4) Mr. AKAGI, T., the Japanese Embassy in Malaysia and Mr. ISHIHARA, H., the Japanese Consulate in Kota Kinabalu, Saba. (Thailand) 1) Dr. Vichit BENJASIL, Field Crops Res. Inst., Dept. Agnc. 2) Mr. Charn THIRAPORN, Rayong Field Res. Cent. 3) Dr. UEDA, S., JICA Maize Quality Improvement Project in Bangkok. 4) Mr. HIRASHIMA, K., The Japanese Embassy in Thailan