79 research outputs found

    Dynamique de la Macrofaune des Bas-fonds Soundano – saheliens dans un Contexte de Changement Climatique: Étude de cas dans le Sous-bassin Versant du NakanbĂ©-Dem au Centre-nord du Burkina

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    La dĂ©gradation des bassins versants est une preuve du changement environnemental que connait l’Afrique de l’ouest. Elle s‘exprime par la dĂ©gradation des sols de bas-fonds qui demeure une prĂ©occupation rĂ©currente dans les pays sahĂ©liens comme le Burkina Faso. Cette Ă©tude analyse la dynamique de la macrofaune des sols de bas-fonds et a pour objectif principal de contribuer Ă  la gestion durable des bas-fonds de la zone soudano-sahĂ©lienne. De façon spĂ©cifique, il s’est agi de (i) Ă©valuer la richesse spĂ©cifique de la macrofaune des sols de bas-fonds, (ii) dĂ©terminer la composition de cette macrofaune et (iii) analyser sa distribution selon les sous unitĂ©s gĂ©omorphologiques des bas-fonds et la profondeur du sol. L’étude a Ă©tĂ© conduite dans le sous-bassin versant du NakanbĂ©-Dem au Centre-nord du Burkina Faso. Un Ă©chantillonnage spatialisĂ© de la macrofaune du sol par la mĂ©thode TSBF a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ© pour analyser les principaux facteurs explicatifs de la variabilitĂ© spatiale de la macrofaune dans les bas-fonds. La fertilitĂ© chimique des sols de bas-fonds en milieu plutonique est faible par rapport au degrĂ© moyen de la fertilitĂ© des sols de bas-fonds en milieu de l’ensemble volcano sĂ©dimentaire. L’évaluation de la macrofaune du sol a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© que les indices de diversitĂ© les plus Ă©levĂ©s ne dĂ©passent guĂšre 2,40 ± 0,09 pour Shannon et 1,09± 0,02 pour PiĂ©lou. La plus grande proportion de la macrofaune est relevĂ©e dans les profondeurs de plus de 20 cm du sol.  L’étude a relevĂ© un Ă©tat dĂ©gradĂ© des bas-fonds dont les sols sont de fertilitĂ© basse Ă  moyenne. La restauration des Ă©cosystĂšmes de ces bas-fonds nĂ©cessite une correction des Ă©lĂ©ments dĂ©ficitaires si l’on veut gĂ©rer durablement les sols de ces bas-fonds.   The degradation of watersheds is proof of the environmental change that West Africa is experiencing. It is expressed by the degradation of lowland soils which remains a recurring concern in Sahelian countries such as Burkina Faso. This study analyzes the dynamics of the macrofauna of lowland soils and has the main objective of contributing to the sustainable management of lowlands in the Sudano-Sahelian zone. It was conducted in the NakanbĂ©-Dem sub-watershed in the Center-North of Burkina Faso. The morphological and chemical parameters of lowland soils were determined by the method of soil prospecting according to the toposequence of the lowland including the glacis, the slope and the central zone. A spatialized sampling of the soil macrofauna by the TSBF method was carried out to analyze the main explanatory factors of the spatial variability of the macrofauna in the lowlands. The chemical fertility of lowland soils in a plutonic environment is low compared to the average degree of fertility of lowland soils in the middle of the sedimentary volcano complex. The evaluation of the soil macrofauna revealed that the highest diversity indices hardly exceed 2.40 ± 0.09 for Shannon and 1.09 ± 0.02 for PiĂ©lou. The greatest proportion of macrofauna is found in depths of more than 20 cm from the ground. The study noted a degraded state of the lowlands whose soils are of low to medium fertility. The restoration of the ecosystems of these lowlands requires a correction of the deficit elements if we want to sustainably manage the soils of these lowlands

    Dynamique de la Macrofaune des Bas-fonds Soudanosaheliens dans un Contexte de Changement Climatique: Étude de Cas dans le Sous-bassin Versant du NakanbĂ©-Dem au Centre-nord du Burkina Faso

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    La dĂ©gradation des bassins versants est une preuve du changement environnemental que connait l’Afrique de l’ouest. Elle s‘exprime par la dĂ©gradation des sols de bas-fonds qui demeure une prĂ©occupation rĂ©currente dans les pays sahĂ©liens comme le Burkina Faso. Cette Ă©tude qui analyse la dynamique de la macrofaune des sols de bas-fonds, a pour objectif de contribuer Ă  la gestion durable des bas-fonds du sous-bassin du NakanbĂ©-Dem dans la zone soudano-sahĂ©lienne Un Ă©chantillonnage spatialisĂ© de la macrofaune du sol par la mĂ©thode TSBF a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ© pour analyser les principaux facteurs explicatifs de la variabilitĂ© spatiale de la macrofaune dans les bas-fonds. La fertilitĂ© chimique des sols de bas-fonds en milieu plutonique est faible par rapport au degrĂ© moyen de la fertilitĂ© des sols de bas-fonds en milieu de l’ensemble volcano sĂ©dimentaire. L’évaluation de la macrofaune du sol a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© que les indices de diversitĂ© les plus Ă©levĂ©s ne dĂ©passent guĂšre 2,40 ± 0,09 pour Shannon et 1,09± 0,02 pour PiĂ©lou. La plus grande proportion de la macrofaune est relevĂ©e dans les profondeurs de plus de 20 cm du sol.  L’étude a relevĂ© un Ă©tat dĂ©gradĂ© des bas-fonds dont les sols sont de fertilitĂ© basse Ă  moyenne. La restauration des Ă©cosystĂšmes de ces bas-fonds nĂ©cessite une correction des Ă©lĂ©ments dĂ©ficitaires si l’on veut gĂ©rer durablement les sols de ces bas-fonds.   The degradation of watersheds proves the environmental change West Africa is experiencing. It is expressed by the degradation of lowland soils which remains a recurring concern in Sahelian countries such as Burkina Faso. This study analyzes the dynamics of the macrofauna of lowland soils and has the main objective of contributing to the sustainable management of lowlands in the Sudano-Sahelian zone. It was conducted in the NakanbĂ©-Dem sub-watershed in the Center-North of Burkina Faso. The morphological and chemical parameters of lowland soils were determined by the method of soil prospecting according to the top sequence of the lowland including the glacis, the slope, and the central zone. A spatialized sampling of the soil macrofauna by the TSBF method was carried out to analyze the main explanatory factors of the spatial variability of the macrofauna in the lowlands. The chemical fertility of lowland soils in a plutonic environment is low compared to the average degree of fertility of lowland soils in the middle of the sedimentary volcano complex. The evaluation of the soil macrofauna revealed that the highest diversity indices hardly exceed 2.40 ± 0.09 for Shannon and 1.09 ± 0.02 for PiĂ©lou. The most significant proportion of macrofauna is found in depths of more than 20 cm from the ground. The study noted a degraded state of the lowlands whose soils are of low to medium fertility. Restoring the ecosystems of these lowlands requires a correction of the deficit elements if we want to sustainably manage the soils of these lowlands

    Dynamique de la Macrofaune des Bas-fonds Soundano – saheliens dans un Contexte de Changement Climatique: Étude de cas dans le Sous-bassin Versant du NakanbĂ©-Dem au Centre-nord du Burkina

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    La dĂ©gradation des bassins versants est une preuve du changement environnemental que connait l’Afrique de l’ouest. Elle s‘exprime par la dĂ©gradation des sols de bas-fonds qui demeure une prĂ©occupation rĂ©currente dans les pays sahĂ©liens comme le Burkina Faso. Cette Ă©tude analyse la dynamique de la macrofaune des sols de bas-fonds et a pour objectif principal de contribuer Ă  la gestion durable des bas-fonds de la zone soudano-sahĂ©lienne. De façon spĂ©cifique, il s’est agi de (i) Ă©valuer la richesse spĂ©cifique de la macrofaune des sols de bas-fonds, (ii) dĂ©terminer la composition de cette macrofaune et (iii) analyser sa distribution selon les sous unitĂ©s gĂ©omorphologiques des bas-fonds et la profondeur du sol. L’étude a Ă©tĂ© conduite dans le sous-bassin versant du NakanbĂ©-Dem au Centre-nord du Burkina Faso. Un Ă©chantillonnage spatialisĂ© de la macrofaune du sol par la mĂ©thode TSBF a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ© pour analyser les principaux facteurs explicatifs de la variabilitĂ© spatiale de la macrofaune dans les bas-fonds. La fertilitĂ© chimique des sols de bas-fonds en milieu plutonique est faible par rapport au degrĂ© moyen de la fertilitĂ© des sols de bas-fonds en milieu de l’ensemble volcano sĂ©dimentaire. L’évaluation de la macrofaune du sol a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© que les indices de diversitĂ© les plus Ă©levĂ©s ne dĂ©passent guĂšre 2,40 ± 0,09 pour Shannon et 1,09± 0,02 pour PiĂ©lou. La plus grande proportion de la macrofaune est relevĂ©e dans les profondeurs de plus de 20 cm du sol.  L’étude a relevĂ© un Ă©tat dĂ©gradĂ© des bas-fonds dont les sols sont de fertilitĂ© basse Ă  moyenne. La restauration des Ă©cosystĂšmes de ces bas-fonds nĂ©cessite une correction des Ă©lĂ©ments dĂ©ficitaires si l’on veut gĂ©rer durablement les sols de ces bas-fonds.   The degradation of watersheds is proof of the environmental change that West Africa is experiencing. It is expressed by the degradation of lowland soils which remains a recurring concern in Sahelian countries such as Burkina Faso. This study analyzes the dynamics of the macrofauna of lowland soils and has the main objective of contributing to the sustainable management of lowlands in the Sudano-Sahelian zone. It was conducted in the NakanbĂ©-Dem sub-watershed in the Center-North of Burkina Faso. The morphological and chemical parameters of lowland soils were determined by the method of soil prospecting according to the toposequence of the lowland including the glacis, the slope and the central zone. A spatialized sampling of the soil macrofauna by the TSBF method was carried out to analyze the main explanatory factors of the spatial variability of the macrofauna in the lowlands. The chemical fertility of lowland soils in a plutonic environment is low compared to the average degree of fertility of lowland soils in the middle of the sedimentary volcano complex. The evaluation of the soil macrofauna revealed that the highest diversity indices hardly exceed 2.40 ± 0.09 for Shannon and 1.09 ± 0.02 for PiĂ©lou. The greatest proportion of macrofauna is found in depths of more than 20 cm from the ground. The study noted a degraded state of the lowlands whose soils are of low to medium fertility. The restoration of the ecosystems of these lowlands requires a correction of the deficit elements if we want to sustainably manage the soils of these lowlands

    Spatial Dynamics And Risks Analysis Of Lowlands Degradation Potential Around Of Nakanbé-Dem Sub-Watershed In Center-Nord Of Burkina Faso (West Africa): Through Multi-Date Study And Satellite Tele-Analysis

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    Watershed degradation is a key issue for environmental change in the Sahel region and causes an unprecedented threat to the lowlands watershed and the livelihood of local people. This study analyzes the spatial dynamics and degradation risks of NakanbĂ©-Dem sub-watershed lowlands’potential. The study combines lowlands plants species assessment and digital processing. Lowlands spatio-temporal dynamics were assayed from landsat images of 1986, 1996, 2006 and 2016. Vegetation data and soil physical and chemical parameters allowed to characterize lowlands degradation states. Lowlands degradation risk assessment is based on flora analysis and remote sensing indices (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Normalized Difference Water Index, slope values and water accumulation zones). Spatio-temporal dynamics analysis between 1986 and 2016 showed a continuous degradation of NakanbĂ©-Dem lowlands potential. The coverage of farming land increased from 31 to 51% compared to the total lowland potential of 43320 ha. The riparian formations have decreased by 4.11% in the same period. As concerns the lowland beds, their coverage rate has continuously decreased from 24% in 1986 to 7.79% in 2016. The coverage rate of water bodies has not kept a linear evolution. It went from 2.27 to 2.62%, a slight increase of 0.35%. Soil and flora samples were taken from the three lowland geomorphological subunits: glacis, hillside and the central zone. Soil analyze concerned the following parameters: useful watercontent, saturation rate, carbon, nitrogen, potassium and bulk density. Flora parameters analyzed are: woody cover, density of regeneration individuals, tree density, quadratic diameter, tree height, ligneous plants species richness, herbaceous species richness. These different measurements have been taken on the glacis, hillside and central zone. Flora and soils analysis showed difference in lowlands topographic structures. Unlike hillside and glacis, their central zone is less degraded. It is characterized by an average specific richness of woody plants about 3.43% against 3.13 % for hillsides and 2. 44 % for glacis. Tree average density (129.29 in/ha), the number of trees large diameter (118. 55 in/ha) and woody cover (61.79 %) are higher in the central zone than on the hillsides and glacis. From Pedological aspects, central zone is characterized by a concentration great of organic matter (1.49%) (great rate of carbon and nitrogen) against 0.89 for glacis and 0.90 for hillsides. The useful water content (19.75 %) and the saturation rate (64.85) in the central zone are great. These values are low on the glacis (9.36 and 63,77) and hillsides (12.17 and 59.66).In the current context of persistent climatic pressure, the conquering of new farms will accelerate the growth of cropped acreages and increase the degradation risk of lowlands’ potential. Lowlands’ dynamic apprehension can serve as a basis of development and endogenous programs implementation to restore sub-watershed lowland’ potential
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