Волонтерство как социальный институт

Работа выполнена при поддержке РГНФ в рамках проекта №14-03-00072

Effects of ecological/biological traits of species on maximum day of ¹³⁷Cs activity concentration in fish.

<p>Effects of a) trophic position of species, b) body mass (g, wet weight) of species, and c) inverse temperature (1/kT) of the environment on log₁₀ maximum day (day) of ¹³⁷Cs activity concentration in fish. Line indicates a significant relationship by the best GLMM, with the coefficient and intercept estimated by GLMM.</p

Estimated presence/non-detection of bluegill sunfish <i>Lepomis macrochirus</i> in the study area based on the detection of environmental DNA (eDNA) in the 70 study ponds.

<p>The red (n = 19) and white circles (n = 51) indicate the presence and non-detection of the bluegill eDNA, respectively. The fish illustrations (n = 8) show the ponds where bluegill was visually observed by the field survey. The ratios near the red circles/fish illustrations denote the number amplified out of eight replications in qPCR assay in each pond.</p

The long-term trends and habitat/diet types of species.

<p>Box and whisker plots of the indices of long-term trends (maximum day, half-lives, and decay rate) for different habitat and diet types of fish species. For diet types, B, B-P, P-B, and plant refer to benthos, benthos and plankton (benthos>plankton), plankton and benthos (plankton>benthos), and plant. Bars in the boxes, upper and lower box edges, and error bars indicate median, ±25% quantile, and 1.5×±25% quantile, respectively. There were no significant differences among the types for all indices (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0029295#pone-0029295-t001" target="_blank">Tables 1</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0029295#pone-0029295-t002" target="_blank">2</a>, and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0029295#pone-0029295-t003" target="_blank">3</a>).</p

Parameter coefficients for log₁₀ half-life of ¹³⁷Cs activity concentration in fish bodies estimated by all stepwised models of GLMM.

<p>The models were selected by a downward stepwise procedure using Akaike Information Criteria (AIC). AIC, AIC differences (Δ<i>i</i>), and Akaike weights (ω<i>i</i>) were shown. Coefficients in bold indicate significant values at the 0.05 level.</p

The independent effect (R²) of each factor on the number of Nobel laureates for all Nobel categories.

<p>The independent effects are analyzed by hierarchical partitioning.</p

Effects of ecological/biological traits of species on half-lives of ¹³⁷Cs activity concentration in fish.

<p>Effects of a) trophic position of species, b) body mass (g, wet weight) of species, and c) inverse temperature (1/kT) of the environment on log₁₀ half-lives (day) of ¹³⁷Cs activity concentration on fish. Lines indicate a significant relationship by the best GLMM, with the coefficient and intercept estimated by GLMM.</p

Presence and non-detection (or not-observed) of bluegill sunfish, <i>Lepomis macrochirus</i>, in the ponds based on detection of environmental DNA (eDNA) and visual observation from shore.

<p>The difference in proportion is significant among the combinations in the table (Fisher’s exact test, <i>p</i><0.0001).</p

The independent effect (R²) of each factor on the number of Nobel laureates for natural sciences.

<p>The independent effects are analyzed by hierarchical partitioning.</p

Illustration of the conceptual decay processes of ¹³⁷Cs activity concentration in fish bodies.

<p>Illustration of the conceptual decay processes of ¹³⁷Cs activity concentration in fish bodies.</p