Flower visitor fauna of the narrow endemic lily Lilium rubellum Baker in a lowland habitat in Yamagata, northern Japan

Floral visitor fauna of the narrow endemic lily Lilium rubellum was examined in a lowland habitat in Kaminoyama City, Yamagata Prefecture, northern Japan. Flowers of L. rubellum bloomed from early to late June. During 23 h of observing floral visitors, 64 insects were detected on L. rubellum flowers. Although coleopteran insects were most frequently found on L. rubellum flowers, they did not seem to be effective pollinators because of their body size. Bees were less frequently observed than coleopteran insects, but all individuals contacted sexual organs in L. rubellum flowers. Syrphid flies were seen less frequently, but they were also considered effective pollinators. From our observations, L. rubellum is a bee-pollinated species of the genus Lilium. Bee pollination has also been recorded in a species of Lilium sect. Archelirion, L. japonicum var. abeanum. The floral characteristics of L. japonicum var. abeanum (e.g., pinkish color, relatively small and tubular corolla, and lateral insertion of anthers into the corolla) were similar to those of L. rubellum and the character combination may be related to the bee-pollination mode in Lilium. key words： bee pollination, Bombus, Ceratina, flower visitor fauna, Lilium japonicum var. abeanum, Lilium rubellum, nitidulid beetle, syrphid fl

Three-dimensional finite element analysis of Aramany Class IV obturator prosthesis with different clasp designs.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the stress distribution on the alveolar bone surrounding abutment teeth and the displacement of the Aramany Class IV obturator prosthesis with two different clasp designs. Three-dimensional finite element models of an Aramany Class IV maxillary defect were constructed. Two different clasp designs on an obturator prosthesis (double Akers clasps and multiple Roach clasps) and two different load conditions (vertical and horizontal) were compared. Finite element analysis was used to calculate the equivalent stress. The difference in the clasp design of the Aramany Class IV obturator prosthesis affected the stress distribution of the alveolar bone surrounding the abutment teeth and the displacement of the obturator prosthesis. Multiple Roach clasps reduced the stress distribution on the alveolar bone surrounding the abutment teeth and the displacement of the Aramany Class IV obturator prosthesis compared to double Akers clasps.福岡歯科大学2013年

膵癌における癌遺伝子および癌抑制遺伝子

Recent advances in molecular biology have revealed that a number of oncogenes (K-ras, erbB-2, and Met) and tumor suppressor genes (p53, p16, APC, and DCC) contribute to the development of pancreatic cancer. This paper reviewed the present knowledge of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes relevant to pancreatic cancer. Further studies on molecular alterations in pancreatic cancer may lead to a better understanding of tumor biology, offering a possibility of development of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in the future.膵癌の予後は惨憺たるものである｡一方で,最近の分子生物学の分野での研究の進歩により,遺伝子レベルでの異常が膵癌では数多く存在することも明らかになってきた｡膵癌の予後を改善するために,発展が期待される膵癌における遺伝子診断や遺伝子治療に向けて現在までの膵癌で明らかになった癌遺伝子(k-ras,erbB-2,Met),癌抑制遺伝子(p53,p16,APC,DDC)について,概説した

Comparative functional analysis of CYP71AV1 natural variants reveals an important residue for the successive oxidation of amorpha-4,11-diene

AbstractArtemisinin is an antimalarial sesquiterpenoid isolated from the aerial parts of the plant Artemisia annua. CYP71AV1, a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase was identified in the artemisinin biosynthetic pathway. CYP71AV1 catalyzes three successive oxidation steps at the C12 position of amorpha-4,11-diene to produce artemisinic acid. In this study, we isolated putative CYP71AV1 orthologs in different species of Artemisia. Comparative functional analysis of CYP71AV1 and its putative orthologs, together with homology modeling, enabled us to identify an amino acid residue (Ser479) critical for the second oxidation reaction catalyzed by CYP71AV1. Our results clearly show that a comparative study of natural variants is useful to investigate the structure–function relationships of CYP71AV1

Black hole production in tachyonic preheating

We present fully non-linear simulations of a self-interacting scalar field in the early universe undergoing tachyonic preheating. We find that density perturbations on sub-horizon scales which are amplified by tachyonic instability maintain long range correlations even during the succeeding parametric resonance, in contrast to the standard models of preheating dominated by parametric resonance. As a result the final spectrum exhibits memory and is not universal in shape. We find that throughout the subsequent era of parametric resonance the equation of state of the universe is almost dust-like, hence the Jeans wavelength is much smaller than the horizon scale. If our 2D simulations are accurate reflections of the situation in 3D, then there are wide regions of parameter space ruled out by over-production of black holes. It is likely however that realistic parameter values, consistent with COBE/WMAP normalisation, are safetly outside this black hole over-production region.Comment: 6pages, 7figures, figures correcte