Animal Models with Metabolic Syndrome Markers Induced by High Fat Diet and Fructose

Metabolic syndrome is lipid and non-lipid metabolism disorder due to the association of several factors such as physiological, clinical, biochemical, and interrelated factors. People with metabolic syndrome can be diagnosed by fulfilling 3 of 5 criteria, including obesity and increased waist circumference, increased TG levels, increased blood pressure, hyperglycemia, and increased High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) serum. The high-fat diet disrupts tissue lipid metabolism, so insulin resistance occurs due to lipotoxicity. Besides, some studies use a combination of mixtures (fructose, sucrose) and fat-rich food components to build metabolic characteristics in mice that affect human characteristics. The purpose of this study was to make an animal model with a metabolic syndrome marker induced by the High Fat Diet (HFD) consisting of pork oil and chicken egg yolk, as well as fructose from simple and economical ingredients. This study was an experimental study using experimental animals of male Rattus norvegicus strain wistar, which were grouped into three random treatment groups, namely the control group, HFD group, and High Fat Diet Fructose (HFDF) group. The number of samples used was 27 rats, with nine rats in each group. The animal was induced for four weeks, then measured levels of FPG, HD, and TG. From the research that has been done, it is found that there are significant differences in levels of Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG), High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL), and Triglycerides (TG) (

Sensitivity and Specificity of Atypical Lymphocyte for Diagnosis of Dengue Virus Infection at Mataram Hospital, West Nusa Tenggara

Background: Diagnosis of dengue infection (DI) is done by anamnesis and physical examination, confirmed by laboratory examination. Currently, laboratory tests to deter-mine DI infection are isolation and identification of virus, antigen detection, and serological test. In human, dengue virus stimulates body to produce immunoglobulin M (IgM). The stimulation pathway is carried out through stimulation of lymphocytes B. Transitional forms between lymphocytes and plasma cells are seen in the blood of patients with viral infections. These cells are variously known as atypical lymphocyte. This study aimed to examine the sensitivity and specificity of atypical lymphocyte for diagnosis of dengue virus infection. Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study carried out at Mataram hospital, West Nusa Tenggara. A total of 26 blood samples was selected for this study, consisting of: 13 samples of DI positive and 13 samples of DI negative. The study variables of interest were sensitivity and specificity of atypical lymphocyte. The data were analyzed descriptively. Results: Out of 13 samples with DI positive, 10 samples were atypical lymphocyte positive. Therefore, the sensitivity= 76.92%. Out of 13 samples with DI negative, 11 samples were atypical lymphocyte negative. Therefore, the specificity= 84.61%. Conclusion: The sensitivity and specificity of atypical lymphocyte are 76.92% and 84.61%, respectively, indicating atypical lymphocyte has relatively weak sensitivity and specificity for diagnoses of dengue virus infection. Keywords: atypical lymphocyte, sensitivity, specificity, dengue infectio