Anticataract Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Garcinia Mangostana Linn Pericarp on Glucose-induced Cataractogenesis in Goat Lens

BACKGROUND: One of the main causes of blindness for diabetic patients is cataract. The molecular mechanisms that may be involved in diabetic cataract include polyol pathway flux, increased formation of advanced glycation end products, osmotic stress, and elevated oxidative stress. AIM: The aim of the study was to explore the anticataract activity of the ethanol extract from pericarp of Garcinia mangostana Linn (GML) in Goat eye lens. METHODS: Goat eye lenses separated to five groups were incubated in M199 medium, added by penicillin of 100 U/ml and streptomycin of 0.1 mg/ml in a 37°C incubator with 95% O2 and 5% CO2 for 120 h. Group I served as the normal control. Group II (toxic control) the lenses were added by 30 mM glucose. The lenses in Groups III, IV, and V nurtured in M199 medium with 30 mM of glucose added by 100, 500, and 1000 μg/ml of GML pericarp extract. Carboxymethyllysine (CML), GRP78, DDIT3, active caspase 3, and MDA levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay assays. Comparisons of biochemical parameters were conducted using one-way ANOVA with post hoc Tukey test. RESULTS: The administration of glucose 30 mM increased MDA, CML, DDIT3, and GRP78, and active caspase 3 levels in Group II. Groups III, IV, and V which treated with GML pericarp extract decreased MDA, CML, GRP78, and DDIT3, and active caspase 3 levels inside the lens. On lens capsule, the CML and GRP78 levels increased. CONCLUSION: Ethanol extract of GML pericarp potentially showed antioxidant, anti-glycation, DDIT3 inhibitor, and anti-apoptotic activity in Goat cultured lenses

The Effect of Hyaluronic Acid on MMP-9 Expression in Trabecular Meshwork Cell Culture of Patient with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma

In primary open angle glaucoma, decrease of hyaluronic acid level is related to extracellular matrix deposition of trabecular meshwork. Extracellular matrix deposition will increase humor aqueous outflow resistance which in turn increase the intraocular pressure. MMP-9 as one of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family, has a high potency to degrade the extracellular matrix. The expression of MMP-9 can be activated by hyaluronic acid through its binding with CD44 as hyaluronic main receptor. The aim of this research is  to determine the effect of hyaluronic acid on MMP-9 expression in trabecular meshwork cell culture of patient with primary open angle glaucoma by immunocytochemical method. Trabecular meshwork cell culture were exposed to hyaluronic acid at four different concentration (0mg/ml, 1 mg/mL, 3 mg/mL, 6 mg/mL). After 24 hours incubated, we find a significant difference of MMP-9 expression between control group and group with hyaluronic acid. There was significant correlation between hyaluronic acid and MMP-9 expression. Hyaluronic acid exposure will increase MMP-9 expression in trabecular meshwork cell culture. This finding suggest that hyaluronic acid can influence the resistance of humor aqueous outflow in trabecular meshwork by up-regulating MMP-9 expression, and therefore will increase extracellular matrix degradation.Key words : hyaluronic acid, primary open angle glaucoma, MMP-

Autistic Children Are More Responsive to Tactile Sensory Stimulus

ObjectiveThis research was an experimental study that was aimed to detect differences respon of Tactile Sensory Stimulus between normal children and children with sensory brain development disorders such as ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder).Materials & MethodsA total of 134 children, in two groups: 67 healthy children (control) and 67 children with autism were studied. Tactile sensory stimulus responses in children were tested directly using a Reflex Hammer. In addition, tactile sensory sensitivity was also assessed via questionnaire Short Sensory Profile (SSP) which was filled out by the child's parents. All response data were analyzed using Fisher's Exact Test; questionnaire data was analyzed with the Mann-Whitney U Test.ResultThe results showed that autistic children were more sensitive to palpation and pain than children who were not autistic. Furthermore, the value of SSP was also significantly higher in autistic children, which means that they always responded to all categories in the SSP questionnaire than children who are not autistic.ConclusionAutistic children are more sensitive to Tactile Sensory Stimulus and all categories of SSP than children who are not autistic

The Effect of Nigella Sativa Extract on Alpha-ketoglutarate Activity and Histopathologic Changes on Rat Liver Induced by Monosodium Glutamate

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a commonly used food additive and found in most soups, fish and processed meat. The use of MSG in food is growing. Irrational fear had increased in the last few years due to the adverse reactions and toxicity of MSG, which effect on the liver. Nigella sativa is used as traditional medicine for the treatment of many diseases, it has been extensively investigated in recent years, traditional medicine for the treatment of many disease due to its notable pharmacological properties. NS can inhibit oxidative stress. The present study was undertaken to investigate different Doses of Nigella sativa on alpha KGDH activity and liver histology of MSG induced rat. The animals (n=30) Were grouped A as (control), B treated with MSG 1g/kg, C MSG treated with NS 0.01g/kg, D MSG treated with NS 0.02g/kg, E MSG treated with NS 0.04g/kg and F treated with NS 0.02g/kg then we investigated the effect alpha KGDH activity by ELISA method and liver histopathology by light microscope. alpha KGDH activity were significantly increased in treatment MSG compared with treatment negative control, MSG + NS 0.1g/kg, MSG + NS 0.02g/kg, MSG + NS 0.04g/kg, and NS 0.02g/kg. The histological changes in group B and C showed disturbed liver architecture, hemorrhage in the central veins, areas of necrosis, vacuolation and increased inflammatory cells infiltration while group D showed central vein is normal and vacuolation of cytoplasm, group E showed more normal liver architecture as shown less vacuolation in cytoplasm, central vein is normal, and group F showed no pathologic changes.These finding showed that administration of MSG increase alpha KGDH and induced damage in liver tissue. Nigella sativa extract can reduce alpha KGDH and prevent liver damage induced by MSG

Extra Virgin Olive Oil meningkatkan ekpresi reseptor estrogen α dan ketebalan Endometrium Rattus Norvegicus yang dipapar Rhodamin B

Abstract: Rhodamin B is harmful to the body because it is proven can increase the oxidative stress on various reproductive chain. Rhodamin B contains compounds of chlorine (Cl), is dangerous and halogen compounds are reactive. Damage to the hypothalamus will interfere with the secretion of FSH and LH cause the follicle ripening so distracted that result in a decrease in the hormone estrogen. The hormone estrogen plays an important role in the menstrual cycle and proliferation of the endometrium. This research aimed to prove the effect of Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) with the expression of estrogen receptors α and endometrial thickness of Rattus norvegicus exposed by rhodamin B. The design used true experimental with an approach of post test only control group design. The research used white rat (Rattus norvegicus wistar strain) as the sample. The results showed that EVOO could become an alternative to prevent oxidative stress due to exposure of rhodamin B. Keywords: Rhodamin B, Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO), Estrogen receptors α, the thickness of the Endometriu

Hubungan Luas Infark Miokard (Berdasar Skor Selvester) Dengan Respon Nyeri Dada Pada Pasien Sindrom Koroner Akut (Ska) Di Rsd Dr. Soebandi Jember

Kegawatan penyakit jantung pada Sindrom Koroner Akut (SKA) bersifat progresif yang mencakup angina tidak stabil, ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) dan non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Diagnosis SKA berdasar 3 komponen yang harus ditemukan yakni: gejala iskemia sakit dada, Perubahan elektokardiografi (EKG) dan peningkatan enzim jantung. Penggunaan Selvester skore dapat menentukan luas dan lokasi infark miokard karena dapat menilai Perubahan depolarisasi ventrikel. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui adanya hubungan antara luas infark miokard (berdasar skor Selvester) dengan respon nyeri dada pada pasien SKA. Penelitian ini termasuk analitik observasional dengan desain Cross Sectional dan teknik pengambilan sampel consecutive sampling dengan sampel 20 responden. Hasil analisa menggunakan uji statistik Regresi Logistik menunjukkan luas infark miokard memiliki pengaruh signifikan pada model jenis respon nyeri sedang dan berat dengan nilai p: 0.045 untuk nyeri sedang dan nilai p: 0.019 untuk nyeri berat. Hasil penelitian tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin luas infark miokard akan semakin berat nyeri dada yang dirasakan pasien dengan SKA

Structural requirement of leucine for activation of p70 S6 kinase

AbstractThe addition of leucine induced activation of p70S6k in amino acid-depleted H4IIE cells. Whereas the activation of p70S6k by leucine was transient, the complete amino acid stimulated p70S6k more persistently. The effect of leucine on p70S6k was sensitive to rapamycin, but less sensitive to wortmannin. Using various amino acids and derivatives of leucine, we found that the chirality, the structure of the four branched hydrocarbons, and the primary amine are required for the ability of leucine to stimulate p70S6k, indicating that the structural requirement of leucine to induce p70S6k activation is very strict and precise. In addition, some leucine derivatives exhibited the ability to stimulate p70S6k and the other derivatives acted as inhibitors against the leucine-induced activation of p70S6k