Age and growth of longfinned eels (Anguilla dieffenbachii) in pastoral and forested streams in the Waikato River basin, and in two hydro-electric lakes in the North Island, New Zealand

Growth rates of New Zealand endemic longfinned eels (Anguilla dieffenbachii) from streams in pasture and indigenous forest, and from two hydroelectric lakes (Lakes Karapiro and Matahina), were estimated by otolith examination. Habitat-specific growth was further investigated with measurement of widths of annual bands in otoliths. Longfinned eels 170-1095 mm in length ranged between 4 and 60 years old (N=252). Eels in pastoral streams grew faster (mean annual length increment ±95% CL = 24 ± 3 mm to 36 ± 7 mm) than eels in streams in indigenous forest (annual length increment 12 ± 2 mm to 15 ± 3 mm). Eels from the hydro-electric lakes had growth rates (annual length increments 19 ± 4 and 19 + 7 mm) similar to eels from pastoral streams. Otoliths of most eels showed annual band widths that indicated growth in several different habitats, corresponding to growth during upstream migration, and limited movement among adult habitats. Estimated age at marketable size (220 g) ranged between 7 and 26 years. The particularly slow growth of longfinned eels in streams in indigenous forest has considerable implications for management. The fast growth rates of eels in hydro-electric lakes provides evidence for the potential of increased eel production by stocking. The probable selective production of female eels in these lakes may be nationally important to allow enhancement of breeding stocks

Gracefully Unexpected, Deeply Present and Positively Disruptive: Love and Queerness in Classroom Community.

During the winter of 2011, I was moving through some of the more overtly physical phases of gender transition. At the time, I was also a grade 6 teacher in a public elementary school. My presence as a visibly transitioning person in that environment was never intended to be a coming out; it was a choosing in… and there is a difference. I was “out” because I was visibly different, and I was visible because that difference was not expected. I - as a teacher of young children who identifies as a non-binary person, as genderqueer, as trans, and even as someone who is not willing to be ashamed of all that – was not expected. Well-intended and well-documented antidiscrimination policies defended my right to be an educator in theory, but there remained a distinct lack of people and/or practices in place that could help me to feel more welcomed in that role – or even less alone. I think that the less visible aspects of how we identify ourselves as humans are often labeled “secrets” when they are not expected, and considering that the keeping of secrets is often conflated with a rationale that encourages people to feel shame, social institutions have become very efficient at silencing unexpected differences as a matter of course

The satiric effect in Horace's Sermones in the light of his Epicurean reading circle

textScholarship on Roman satire has been dominated for nearly fifty years by a rhetorical approach that emphasizes the artifice of the poet. Consequently, it has been unsure what to do with the philosophical material in Horace's Sermones. In my dissertation, I argue for the importance of Epicurean philosophy in the interpretative scheme of Horace's satiric oeuvre. Epicurean ideas appear prominently and repeatedly, mostly in a positive light, and respond to the concerns and philosophical prejudices of Horace's closest friends. In the prologue, I explore how Horace himself inscribes the process of interpreting and responding to a satire into S. 2.8. He frames his reading circle as key observers in the satiric scene that unfolds before them, suggesting the importance of the audience to satire. Chapter one builds upon this vision by emphasizing reader response as a key element of satiric theory. Satire, as a participant in the cultural debates of its day, orients itself toward a like-minded group of readers who are expected to grasp the satiric thrust of the text and understand its nuances. It orients itself against outsiders who respond seriously to the text in some fashion, often failing to realize that satire is even occurring. I term this process the satiric effect. Chapter two demonstrates that Horace's closest friends in his reading circle share connections to Epicureanism. The social dynamics of reading circles reinforce my theoretical emphasis upon the satiric audience. Vergil, Varius, Plotius Tucca, and Quintilius Varus studied with the Epicurean philosopher Philodemus whose treatises also offer insight into the social dynamics of an Epicurean circle. Chapter three explores how Sermones I articulates itself toward Horace's reading circle. Given the Epicurean biases present within Horace's reading circle, I explore an interpretation through the lens of these Epicurean preferences. Chapters four and five emphasize that the philosophical themes initiated by Horace in the first book also run through the second, making it more cohesive than previously thought, but only become apparent when we consider them from the particular mindset of the reading circle. I conclude by noting possible extensions for my literary theory in other authors.Classic

Tibial intramedullary canal axis and its influence on the intramedullary alignment system entry point in Koreans

Using computerized tomographic data and three dimensional model, we studied the influence of tibial intramedullary canal axis and other morphologic factors of the tibia on the entry point for tibial intramedullary alignment guides. Various anatomical parameters including tibial anteroposterior dimensions (AP), mediolateral dimensions (ML), aspect ratio (ML/AP), bowing and the intramedullary canal axis were studied. In addition, the entry point for the intramedullary alignment guide for primary and revision total knee arthroplasty were studied. The averaged entry point at the level of the tibial plateau was 5.7±2.2 mm anterior and 4.3±2.0 mm lateral to the classical entry point (P<.001). Furthermore, this entry point was more anterolateral in females when compared to males (P<.001). At a depth 10 mm below the tibial plateau, the entry point was on average 8.8±1.9 mm anterior and 2.9±1.9 mm lateral to the center of the cut surface. With increasing tibial varus the entry point tended to shift laterally at both levels (r=0.49) (P<.001). In Korean, the entry point for tibial intramedullary alignment systems is anterolateral to the classically described entry point. Moreover, the increment of tibial varus necessitates more lateral placement of the entry point. Intraoperatively, the entry point can be localized during primary knee arthroplasty to a point 15.9±2.8 mm anterior to and 1.2±2.8 mm lateral to the lateral tibial spine. For revision knee arthroplasty the point is on average 8.8±1.9 mm anterior and 2.9±1.9 mm lateral to the center of the cut surface of the tibia at a depth of 10 mm from the articular surface

Protocolo de trabalho para o haas next generation control

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Mecânica (área de especialização em Manufatura Avançada)Esta dissertação tem como objetivo decifrar todas as funcionalidades do novo controlador da Haas, o Next Generation Control, controladora que é utilizada para o controlo de processos de maquinagem utilizando máquinas CNC, ou seja, não a descrever, mas também informar o leitor acerca de todas as suas funcionalidades, enunciando os componentes principais e os diversos setores presentes no dispositivo. Para complementar este protocolo de trabalho, as informações teóricas culminarão numa componente prática de aplicação direta dos conhecimentos previamente adquiridos no desenvolvimento de um processo de maquinagem. Inicialmente enquadra-se brevemente o leitor com informações acerca do passado das duas grandes áreas abordadas neste documento, a maquinagem CNC e a companhia “Haas Automations”, a conveniência destes tópicos incidem na maquinagem CNC ser o processo de produção utilizada na aplicação da controladora e a “Haas Automations” ser o fabricante do dito dispositivo. Em relação aos tópicos deste tipo de maquinagem tem-se diversas informações como os tipos de máquinas existentes, as etapas a considerar na preparação para este tipo de produção e ainda os tipos de operações mais comuns utilizando este método. Uma análise detalhada da controladora em si também está incluída nesta dissertação onde, recorrendo a figuras informativas, é explicado a função de cada área de trabalho que está dividida em oito setores diferentes, ditas áreas que desempenham uma função importante e insubstituível na concretização desejada do processo geral de maquinagem. Consolida-se esta informação abordando o código geralmente utilizado na maquinagem CNC, o código-G, código este que será também estudado na componente prática devido a ser portador da informação acerca dos detalhes da operação (sequências de corte, detalhes de ferramentas, entre outros). Por fim, é utilizado um exemplo prático com intuito de aplicar a informação obtida previamente num contexto real, onde são evidenciadas duas peças com características e modos de produção diferentes, para o manuseamento completo da controladora de modo a qualquer operador que siga os passos enunciados consiga completar com sucesso a produção.This dissertation aims to decipher all the functionalities of the new Haas controller, the Next Generation Control, a controller that is used for the control of machining processes using CNC machines, the goal is to not only describe, but also inform the reader of all its functionalities, listing its main components and the various sectors present in the device. To complement this work protocol, the theoretical information will culminate in a practical component of direct application from knowledge previously acquired about the development of a machining process. To start with the reader is given information about the background of the two major areas addressed in this document, CNC machining and the company "Haas Automations", the convenience of these topics focus on CNC machining being the production process used in the application of the controller and "Haas Automations" being the manufacturer of this device. In relation to the topics of this type of machining, we have various information points, such as the type of existing machines, the steps to consider in the preparation for this type of production and also the most common types of operations whilst using this method. A detailed analysis of the controller itself is also included in this dissertation, when using informative figures, the function of each work area is explained, and is divided into eight different sectors, such areas play an important and irreplaceable role in the desired achievement of the overall machining process. This information is consolidated by addressing the code generally used in CNC machining, the G-code, this code will also be studied in the practical component because it carries information about the details of operation (cutting sequences, tooling details, among others). Finally, a practical example is used with the intention of applying the information previously obtained in a real life context, where two parts with different characteristics and production modes are shown, for the complete handling of the controller so that any operator who follows the stated steps can successfully complete the production

A Randomized Dismantling Trial of the Open and Engaged Components of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in an Online Intervention for Distressed College Students

This dismantling trial compared the effects of a full online Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) intervention to the isolated effects of the Open (i.e., acceptance, cognitive defusion) and Engaged (i.e., values, committed action) components of ACT. A sample of 181 distressed college students were randomized to one of four conditions: a 12-session full ACT website (Full), a version targeting the Open components (Open), a version targeting the Engaged components (Engaged), or waitlist. Participants in active conditions were also randomized to receive phone coaching or just email prompts to increase program adherence. All three ACT conditions significantly improved over time relative to the waitlist condition on the primary outcome of mental health symptoms. The Engaged and Full conditions had greater rates of reliable change on the primary outcome relative to waitlist, but not the Open condition. Similarly, only Engaged and Full conditions improved on positive mental health relative to waitlist. The Full condition had greater improvements on a few ACT process measures relative to Engaged and Open conditions, particularly cognitive fusion. Overall, results indicate targeting only the Open components of ACT was somewhat less effective, and that including both the Open and Engaged components led to greater decreases in cognitive fusion

Patterns of civilian and child deaths due to war-related violence in Syria: a comparative analysis from the Violation Documentation Center dataset, 2011-16

BACKGROUND: Since March, 2011, the Syrian civil war has lowered life expectancy by as much as 20 years. We describe demographic, spatial, and temporal patterns of direct deaths of civilians and opposition combatants from conflict-related violence in 6 years of war. METHODS: We analysed conflict-related violent deaths with complete information on date, place, and cause of death and demographic group occurring from March 18, 2011, to Dec 31, 2016, recorded by the Violation Documentation Center (VDC). We included civilian and combatant deaths in all Syrian governorates, excluding government-controlled areas. We did not include detainees and missing persons, nor deaths from siege conditions or insufficient medical care. We categorised deaths based on VDC weapon type. We used chi(2) testing to compare deaths from different weapons in civilian men, women, boys, and girls and adult and child combatants. We analysed deaths by governorate and over time. FINDINGS: The VDC recorded 143 630 conflict-related violent deaths with complete information between March 18, 2011, and Dec 31, 2016. Syrian civilians constituted 101 453 (70.6%) of the deaths compared with 42 177 (29.4%) opposition combatants. Direct deaths were caused by wide-area weapons of shelling and air bombardments in 58 099 (57.3%) civilians, including 8285 (74.6%) civilian women and 13 810 (79.4%) civilian children, and in 4058 (9.6%) opposition combatants. Proportions of children among civilian deaths increased from 8.9% (388 of 4254 civilian deaths) in 2011 to 19.0% (4927 of 25 972) in 2013 and to 23.3% (2662 of 11 444) in 2016. Of 7566 deaths from barrel bombs, 7351 (97.2%) were civilians, of whom 2007 (27.3%) were children. Of 20 281 deaths by execution, 18 747 (92.4%) were civilians and 1534 (7.6%) were opposition combatants. Compared with opposition child soldiers who were male (n=333), deaths of civilian male children (n=11 730) were caused more often by air bombardments (39.2% vs 5.4%, p \u3c 0.0001) and shelling (37.3% vs 13.2%, p \u3c 0.0001) and less often by shooting (12.5% vs 76.0%, p \u3c 0.0001). INTERPRETATION: Aerial bombing and shelling rapidly became primary causes of direct deaths of women and children and had disproportionate lethal effects on civilians, calling into question the use of wide-area explosive weapons in urban areas. Increased reliance on aerial bombing by the Syrian Government and international partners is likely to have contributed to findings that children were killed in increasing proportions over time, ultimately comprising a quarter of civilian deaths in 2016. The inordinate proportion of civilians among the executed is consistent with deliberate tactics to terrorise civilians. Deaths from barrel bombs were overwhelmingly civilian rather than opposition combatants, suggesting indiscriminate or targeted warfare contrary to international humanitarian law and possibly constituting a war crime. FUNDING: None

Codevelopment Between Key Personality Traits and Alcohol Use Disorder From Adolescence Through Young Adulthood

ObjectivePersonality traits related to negative emotionality and low constraint are strong correlates of alcohol use disorder (AUD), but few studies have evaluated the prospective interplay between these traits and AUD symptoms from adolescence to young adulthood.MethodThe Minnesota Twin Family Study (N = 2,769) was used to examine the developmental interplay between AUD symptoms and three personality measures of constraint, negative emotionality, and aggressive undercontrol from ages 17 to 29.ResultsResults from random‐intercept, cross‐lagged panel models showed that low constraint and aggressive undercontrol predicted subsequent rank‐order increases in AUD symptoms from ages 17 to 24. AUD symptoms did not predict rank‐order change in these traits from ages 17 to 24. There was support for both cross‐effects from ages 24 to 29. Biometric analysis of the twin data showed genetic influences accounted for most of the phenotypic correlations over time.ConclusionResults are consistent with the notion that personality traits related to low constraint and aggressive undercontrol are important vulnerability/predisposition factors for the development of early adult AUD. In later young adulthood, there is more evidence for the simultaneous codevelopment of personality and AUD. Implications are addressed with attention to personality‐based risk assessments and targeted AUD prevention approaches.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/142935/1/jopy12311.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/142935/2/jopy12311_am.pd

Not Just Participation: The Rise of the Eco-Precariat in the Green Economy

Despite recent attention to “frontier” green economies and the governance of emerging ecosystem services, the specific division of labour in these economies has been little studied. As many such initiatives are in the global South, labour’s marginality potentially contributes to the existing precariousness of those who are more often identified as “participants”. This article examines the roles and vulnerabilities of these actors: the carbon counters, species identifiers, GIS mappers, tree planters and others operating in the shadows. We draw on current understandings of labour and precarity to examine the geographical contours of an apparent and emerging “eco-precariat”: a socio-economically diverse group of labourers that address the volatile demands of an ever-expanding environmental service-based economy. We illustrate our analysis drawing on examples from a Blue Carbon project in Kenya, ecosystem services project in the Philippines, and REDD+ scheme in Cambodia. We use these examples to theorise the nature of labour in these frontier economies and put forward a framework for analysing the eco-precariat. We highlight the need to understand the precarity and marginalisation potentially created by this green division of labour in the provision of new ecosystem products and services. This framework contributes to ongoing analyses of labour as a central part of the green economy discourse and to larger discussions in the geographies of labour literature around the future of work in the global South and beyond.We would like to thank all those co-collaborators who supported this work with their intel-lectual and physical labour. Earlier versions of this work benefited from participants at thePolitical Ecology Network (POLLEN) 2018 Conference in Oslo on Eco-precariat labor and atfeedback from the Political Ecology Research Group at Cambridge University. The Cambo-dian research discussed in this paper (Mahanty) was jointly conducted with Dr Sarah Milnewith support from the Australian Research Council (#DP120100270) and supported by aEuropean Research Council Starting Grant (Hicks) (ERC #759457