Exploiting Exploration: Reintegrating Digital Innovations from Digital Innovation Units

In digital transformation, incumbents are pressured to exploit their core business and simultaneously explore opportunities for digital innovation. When pursuing ambidexterity, organizations establish digital innovation units (DIUs) dedicated to digital innovation. Due to the novelty of the phenomenon, prior studies targeted DIUs' design, objectives, and challenges. However, their value lies in reintegrating digital innovations back into the operational organization for use and commercialization, which has been neglected so far. Thus, we analyze the reintegration based on a single-embedded case study of four heterogeneous DIUs. We identify three phases of reintegration activities and trace differences to the contextual factors: innovation orientation, number of involved entities, and ownership. Our contribution is twofold. First, we shed light on the reintegration of DIUs' innovation outcomes for the first time. Second, we extend research on digital innovation and ambidexterity by outlining drivers and inhibitors of reintegration, enhancing our understanding of how organizations can exploit exploration

Exploiting Exploration: Reintegrating Digital Innovations from Digital Innovation Units

In digital transformation, incumbents are pressured to exploit their core business and simultaneously explore opportunities for digital innovation. When pursuing ambidexterity, organizations establish digital innovation units (DIUs) dedicated to digital innovation. Due to the novelty of the phenomenon, prior studies targeted DIUs\u27 design, objectives, and challenges. However, their value lies in reintegrating digital innovations back into the operational organization for use and commercialization, which has been neglected so far. Thus, we analyze the reintegration based on a single-embedded case study of four heterogeneous DIUs. We identify three phases of reintegration activities and trace differences to the contextual factors: innovation orientation, number of involved entities, and ownership. Our contribution is twofold. First, we shed light on the reintegration of DIUs\u27 innovation outcomes for the first time. Second, we extend research on digital innovation and ambidexterity by outlining drivers and inhibitors of reintegration, enhancing our understanding of how organizations can exploit exploration

Preferred and expected retirement age in Germany and Europe

The demographic trend of aging is challenging the financial long-term sustainability of Europe’s welfare states as the number of beneficiaries is increasing while the number of contributors is declining. In response, policymakers have implemented several labor market and pension reforms aimed at extending working life. In my dissertation I extend previous research by studying how current older workers and future pensioners have adapted to these reforms. The dissertation consist of five studies, which are based on different data sets (European Social Survey; Eurobarometer; German Socio-Economic Panel; German Ageing Study), that investigate the preferred retirement age – the age at which older workers wish to retire – and the expected retirement age – the age at which older workers anticipate retiring. Its results show that the average preferred and the average expected retirement age have increased over the last ten years. However, the size of this increase varies over different groups of older workers. While high-skilled, white-collar ‘Silver Workers’ are able to synchronize their preferred and expected retirement age, low-qualified workers in often unfavorable working conditions are increasingly forced to delay their retirement to ensure a sufficient pension and, thus, expect to work longer than they prefer. This finding supports recent warnings that the free choice of when to retire might become the privilege of well-paid, high-skilled employees, and that we might observe a (re)emergence of social inequality in the retirement process

UNCOVERING THE PRIVACY PARADOX: THE INFLUENCE OF DISTRACTION ON DATA DISCLOSURE DECISIONS

The discrepancy between individuals’ intention to disclose data and their actual disclosure behaviour is called the privacy paradox. Although a wide range of research has investigated the privacy para-dox, it remains insufficiently understood due to mental processes’ role in decision-making being most-ly neglected. This research-in-progress provides a theoretical concept that examines the cognitive processes underlying data disclosure decisions to provide a better understanding of the privacy para-dox. We apply the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM), which suggests that the mental shortcuts that individuals take when making their actual data disclosure decision, which differs from their self-reported data disclosure intention, cause the privacy paradox. We propose a two-step, mixed method approach comprising a survey and an online experiment to empirically explore the intended and actu-al data disclosure. The study takes theoretical and methodological issues in prior literature into ac-count and enhances our understanding of individuals’ paradoxical data disclosure behaviour from a psychological point of view

You will take care of me when I am old: Norms on children's caregiver obligations - An analysis with data from the European Values Study

Objective: We explore gender differences in support of the norm that children must provide care for their parents. Background: Society's values and norms play a crucial role in deciding whether to provide family care. We investigate these values and norms on family care by analyzing which individual and country level factors affect them. Method: We use data from the European Values Study wave 5 and multilevel regression techniques. The question, "Adult children have the duty to provide long-term care for their parents", serves as our dependent variable. The explanatory variables at the individual level are gender and further socio-demographic variables. At the country level, we include expenditures on health care, and the female labor force participation rate. Results: The results show that women, as well as those living in countries with high expenditure on health care and high female labor force participation rates, are less supportive of the norm that children have an obligation to provide care for their parents. Furthermore, the gender effect is stronger in countries with a higher female labor force participation rate. Conclusion: Norms and values on family care are not fixed and can change, as suggested by the differences between countries. They are also not shared by all social groups equally, as the differences between women and men and along other socio-demographics show. Replication files: https://ubp.uni-bamberg.de/jfr/index.php/jfr/article/view/854/704

Continuously Healthy, Continuously Used? – A Thematic Analysis of User Perceptions on Consumer Health Wearables

Along with the miniaturization of digital devices, consumer health wearables (CHWs) further decrease the distance between users and devices, allowing users to continuously track their personal health information (PHI). While this provides more control to users, history has shown that users’ potential concerns (e.g. privacy) can lead to devices not meeting users’ expectations and failing market diffusion. The existing literature has mostly focused on particular aspects that could foster or hinder adoption of CHWs but the big picture is still missing. Drawing upon the previous literature, we use a rigorous iterative thematic analysis to provide a comprehensive picture of any potential benefits and deficiencies that users associate with CHWs. We take the example of fitness trackers and conduct 16 semi-structured interviews that help understand the determinants on which users assess the benefits and deficiencies of CHWs related to their continuous usage. We identify 11 subthemes that we can attribute to three main user determinants (perceived benefit, deficiency, and privacy). Our results not only show the failure to meet privacy expectations as a particular potential hindrance factor, we further propose a new theoretical construct (perceived relativity) as well as a novel tracking motive (social tracking), both of which can benefit future research on PHI disclosure. We enable both researchers and practitioners to uncover and visualize user perceptions of fitness trackers, on which future design decisions can be oriented and user expectations be better met. Available at: https://aisel.aisnet.org/pajais/vol11/iss1/5

Do young people stand alone in their demand to live alone? The intergenerational conflict hypothesis put to test in the housing sector

The housing sector is currently under pressure: demographic shifts, urbanisation as well as the availability and costs of housing have led to increasing prices. Concerns are being raised that these rising housing costs could lead to intergenerational conflicts. While older generations often live in their privatelyowned dwellings, younger cohorts struggle to become homeowners, moving the field of housing into the spotlight of national debates. We analyse the importance of housing for Europeans using data from Eurobarometer. Results show that the relevance of housing increased between 2008 and 2018. However, generational differences were found: while older and younger people see housing as an important topic at the country level, only the younger generation seems to be affected personally

Determination of the enantiomeric composition of amphetamine, methamphetamine and 3,4-methylendioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA) in seized street drug samples from southern Germany

Amphetamine (speed), methamphetamine (crystal meth), and 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) represent the most frequently abused amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS). Differences in pharmacological potency and metabolism have been shown for the enantiomers of all three stimulants. Legal consequences in cases of drug possession may also differ according to the German law depending on the enantiomeric composition of the seized drug. Therefore, enantioselective monitoring of seized specimens is crucial for legal and forensic casework. Various kinds of samples of amphetamine (n = 143), MDMA (n = 94), and methamphetamine (n = 528) that were seized in southern Germany in 2019 and 2020 were analyzed for their chiral composition using different chromatographic methods. Whereas all samples of amphetamine and MDMA were racemic mixtures, the chiral composition of the methamphetamine specimens was diverse. Although the vast majority (n = 502) was present as (S)-methamphetamine, also specimens containing pure (R)-methamphetamine (n = 7) were found. Furthermore, few samples (n = 8) were of racemic nature or contained non-racemic mixtures of both enantiomers (n = 10). Because methamphetamine appears in varying enantiomeric compositions, any seizure should be analyzed using an enantioselective method. Amphetamine and MDMA, on the other hand, currently appear to be synthesized exclusively via racemic pathways and are not chirally purified. Nevertheless, regular monitoring of the chiral composition should be ensured

Which women knew about state pension age changes? Inequalities in awareness and their implications

One of the most controversial issues about pensions in recent times has been the increase in women's state pension age, and that those affected were not given enough notice of the change. Daniel Holman, Liam Foster, and Moritz Hess find that particular groups of women were less likely to be aware of the change, and explain the key policy implications that arise

A Critical Perspective on Ageism and Modernization Theory

Modernization theory has often been used to explain country differences in levels of ageism. The commentary at hand questions its usefulness in the analysis of ageism today for two reasons. First, modernization theory was developed to discuss social status of older people, not ageism. Second, social policies and management practices that emerged with industrialization are being rolled back over the last decades. We therefore argue for the reconsideration of the relationship between modernization and ageism and to re-assess it in order to better explain country differences in ageism in the 21st century