Thinking outside the box: An introspective look at the use of art in teaching geometry

Geometry is typically thought of as a discipline in mathematics that is taught using formulas and basic shapes, but this idea is only the beginning. Geometry can be combined with art to enhance mathematical lessons for students. Educators must realize that visual representations of different mathematical concepts are a wonderful way to teach children geometry in a meaningful way. The “fundamental notion that integrating the arts into one’s teaching can help facilitate learning in the mathematics classroom, as the arts can recapture the wonder of learning mathematics. The connection between instruction and imagination is bridged and learning becomes play, and play becomes learning” (Muller and Ward 22). This paper includes 7 lessons that integrate geometry with art, which will enhance the students’ learning. Each lesson can be modified for any grade between kindergarten and 6th grade. These modifications will be explored in this paper along with the lesson idea. Finally, professional artwork of each type will be explored. Each piece investigated has significant mathematical ties and will be examined in the paper

Executive summary of the American Radium Society® Appropriate Use Criteria for management of uterine carcinosarcoma

OBJECTIVE: Uterine carcinosarcomas (UCS) represent a rare but aggressive subset of endometrial cancers, comprising \u3c5% of uterine malignancies. To date, limited prospective trials exist from which evidence-based management of this rare malignancy can be developed. METHODS: The American Radium Society Appropriate Use Criteria presented in this manuscript are evidence-based guidelines developed by a multidisciplinary expert panel for management of women with UCS. An extensive analysis of current medical literature from peer-reviewed journals was performed. A well-established methodology (modified Delphi) was used to rate the appropriate use of imaging and treatment procedures for the management of UCS. These guidelines are intended for the use of all practitioners who desire information about the management of UCS. RESULTS: The majority of patients with UCS will present with advanced extra uterine disease, with 10% presenting with metastatic disease. They have worse survival outcomes when compared to uterine high-grade endometrioid adenocarcinomas. The primary treatment for non-metastatic UCS is complete surgical staging with total hysterectomy, salpingo-oophorectomy and lymph node staging. Patients with UCS appear to benefit from adjuvant multimodality therapy to reduce the chance of tumor recurrence with the potential to improve overall survival. CONCLUSION: Women diagnosed with uterine UCS should undergo complete surgical staging. Adjuvant multimodality therapies should be considered in the treatment of both early- and advanced stage patients. Long-term surveillance is indicated as many of these women may recur. Prospective clinical studies of women with UCS are necessary for optimal management