Osmanische Herrschaft und Modernisierung im Irak. Die Provinz Bagdad, 1817-1917

Der Irak galt gemeinhin als „imperial backwater“ des Osmanischen Reiches. Nichtsdestotrotz betrachtete ihn die osmanische Verwaltung als integralen Bestandteil des osmanischen Staates und die dort im 19. und frühen 20. Jahrhundert ins Werk gesetzten Modernisierungsprozesse entschieden mit über Gelingen und Mißlingen des gesamtosmanischen Reformprojekts. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht Aspekte der osmanische Herrschaft in der Provinz Bagdad vom Amtsantritt des letzten sogenannten Mamlukengouverneurs Davud Paşa bis zur Eroberung der Provinz im Ersten Weltkrieg durch Großbritannien. Anhand von Archivmaterial, zeitgenössischer Presse und Reiseberichten versucht sie, neue Einblicke sowohl in die Geschichte des Iraks als auch der osmanischen Reformpolitik zu geben.The book offers a historical overview over the province of Baghdad under Ottoman rule in the age of modernization, 1817-1917

Welfare Effects of the Euro Cash Changeover

Using merged data from the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) and the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), this paper applies a parametric difference-in-differences approach to assess the real effects of the introduction of the euro on subjective well-being. A complementary nonparametric approach is also used to analyze the impact of difficulties with the new currency on well-being. The results indicate a severe loss in well-being associated with the introduction of the new currency, with the predicted probability that a person is contented with his/her household income diminishing by 9.7 percentage points. We calculate a compensating income variation of approximately one-third. That is, an increase in postgovernment household income of more than 30% is needed to compensate for the rather drastic decline in well-being. The reasons for the negative impact are threefold. First, perceived inflation overestimates the real increase in prices resulting in suboptimal consumption decisions. Second, money illusion causes a false assessment of the budget constraint. Third, individuals have to bear the costs from the conversion and the adjustment to the new currency. Moreover, it is thought that losses are smaller when financial ability is higher. However, the impact of difficulties in using and converting the new currency is rather small, and the initial problems were overcome within one year of the introduction of euro cash

Welfare effects of the euro cash changeover

Using merged data from the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) and the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), this paper applies a parametric difference-in-differences approach to assess the real effects of the introduction of the euro on subjective well-being. A complementary nonparametric approach is also used to analyze the impact of difficulties with the new currency on well-being. The results indicate a severe loss in well-being associated with the introduction of the new currency, with the predicted probability that a person is contented with his/her household income diminishing by 9.7 percentage points. We calculate a compensating income variation of approximately one-third. That is, an increase in postgovernment household income of more than 30% is needed to compensate for the rather drastic decline in well-being. The reasons for the negative impact are threefold. First, perceived inflation overestimates the real increase in prices resulting in suboptimal consumption decisions. Second, money illusion causes a false assessment of the budget constraint. Third, individuals have to bear the costs from the conversion and the adjustment to the new currency. Moreover, it is thought that losses are smaller when financial ability is higher. However, the impact of difficulties in using and converting the new currency is rather small, and the initial problems were overcome within one year of the introduction of euro cash

Successful Booster Antibody Response up to 54 Months after Single Primary Vaccination with Virosome-Formulated, Aluminum-Free Hepatitis A Vaccine

This study demonstrates that a booster dose of the virosome-formulated, aluminum-free hepatitis A vaccine Epaxal (Berna Biotech) is highly immunogenic in subjects who received a single primary dose of this vaccine 18-54 months earlier. There were no significant differences in geometric mean antibody titers (GMTs) among subjects who received the booster dose 18-29 months (GMT, 2330 mIU/mL), 30-41 months (GMT, 2395 mIU/mL), or 42-54 months (GMT, 2432 mIU/mL) after primary vaccination, indicating that delays in the administration of booster vaccination do not lead to a loss of immunogenicit