Reflexiones y recomendaciones sobre el uso de métodos retrospectivos verbales en la investigación en interpretación bilateral

Retrospective verbal process tracing is a popular research method in Interpreting Studies, employed by a growing number of scholars, particularly in studies of conference interpreting, but, to date, it has not been widely employed in studies of dialogue interpreting. This paper begins by introducing process-tracing methodologies, defining types of verbal process tracing, and presenting a brief critical review of publications employing this research methodology. The bulk of the article provides concrete, practical information and guidance for scholars of dialogue interpreting who are interested in employing retrospective process tracing in their research. We discuss the theoretical underpinnings of the method, methodological considerations that must be taken into account in the design and procedure of such studies, data analysis and reporting on the basis of retrospective process tracing, and recommendations for best practices.El seguimiento retrospectivo verbal de procesos se utiliza cada vez más en los Estudios de Interpretación, sobre todo en lainterpretación de conferencias. Con todo, este método se hautilizado poco hasta la fecha en el campo de la interpretación bilateral. En la primera parte de este artículo,presentaremos los métodos de seguimiento de procesos, definiremos los tipos de seguimiento verbal de procesos y examinaremos brevemente algunos estudios que han empleado estos métodos. El objetivo principal es ofrecer recomendaciones concretas y prácticas que puedan resultar útiles para aquellos investigadores en interpretación bilateral que se interesen por estos métodos. Presentaremos las bases teóricas, las consideraciones metodológicas relevantes para el diseño y el procedimiento de tales estudios, el proceso de análisis y presentación de los datos obtenidos a través del seguimiento retrospectivo y algunas recomendaciones de buenas prácticas

Making the Most of Retrospective Process Tracing in Dialogue Interpreting Research

Abstract: Retrospective verbal process tracing is a popular research method in Interpreting Studies, employed by a growing number of scholars, particularly in studies of conference interpreting, but, to date, it has not been widely employed in studies of dialogue interpreting. This paper begins by introducing process-tracing methodologies, defining types of verbal process tracing, and presenting a brief critical review of publications employing this research methodology. The bulk of the article provides concrete, practical information and guidance for scholars of dialogue interpreting who are interested in employing retrospective process tracing in their research. We discuss the theoretical underpinnings of the method, methodological considerations that must be taken into account in the design and procedure of such studies, data analysis and reporting on the basis of retrospective process tracing, and recommendations for best practices.Resumen: El seguimiento retrospectivo verbal de procesos se utiliza cada vez más en los Estudios de Interpretación, sobre todo en la interpretación de conferencias. Con todo, este método se ha utilizado poco hasta la fecha en el campo de la interpretación bilateral. En la primera parte de este artículo, presentaremos los métodos de seguimiento de procesos, definiremos los tipos de seguimiento verbal de procesos y examinaremos brevemente algunos estudios que han empleado estos métodos. El objetivo principal es ofrecer recomendaciones concretas y prácticas que puedan resultar útiles para aquellos investigadores en interpretación bilateral que se interesen por estos métodos. Presentaremos las bases teóricas, las consideraciones metodológicas relevantes para el diseño y el procedimiento de tales estudios, el proceso de análisis y presentación de los datos obtenidos a través del seguimiento retrospectivo y algunas recomendaciones de buenas prácticas

Governance, sport and the city : realising mega sporting events in London

Mega sports events have become important tools for cities seeking to enhance their global position, undertake regeneration and promote tourism and there is intense competition to win the rights to host events, particularly the Olympics, World Athletics Championships and FIFA World Cup. Using the case of the abandoned Lee Valley National Athletics Centre (LVNAC) project and the loss of the rights to stage the 2005 World Athletics Championships in London as a case study, this thesis sets out. To explore the inter-relationships between governance, sport and the city, with a particular focus on mega sports events. .A qualitative approach was adopted to enable processes to be explored and to tease out linkages between different aspects of governance, levels of governance, sport and governance and the various interested parties. This thesis is multi-disciplinary in its approach, using concepts from a variety of disciplines including social policy, geography, urban studies and politics. It is underpinned by an integrative theoretical framework drawing elements primarily from urban regime theory, theories of policy networks and multi-level governance. This thesis is based on the premise that the key to understanding the failure of the LVNAC project as well as the development of other mega sporting projects lies in understanding the prevailing governance arrangements. A working hypothesis was developed to guide the thesis, which is that the relative failure of the UK to bid for, and stage mega-sports events in the recent past is rooted within aspects of the network style of governance that evolved in London and other UK cities. In order to explore this proposition and to more fully understand the failure of the LVNAC project this thesis compares how other nations and cities (both within the UK and abroad) approach mega sports events and their experiences of staging mega sports events. Drawing on documentary sources and semi-structured interviews with key players involved with the LVNAC project, the 'story' of the Lee Valley National Athletics Centre is told. The analysis of the LVNAC project locates the project within the evolving governance arrangements for London- the re-instatement of city-wide government and election of the Mayor in 2001. Comparison is made with the subsequent successful London bid for the 2012 Olympics. This thesis demonstrates the importance of governance issues throughout the whole mega sports events process and at all levels of governance. In particular this thesis has shown that three elements of governance -leadership, vision and strategy -play a critical role in securing and delivering successful mega sports events. The failure of the LVNAC project was the result of failures on all these fronts whilst the success of the London Olympic bid was largely because these elements were in place. This thesis highlights the critical role played by cities but also the continuing importance of central government in the mega sporting events process. Furthermore, this thesis has demonstrated the value of studying an apparent failure. So often the emphasis within policy and political arenas is on learning from success and consequently failures are often overlooked as a source of positive knowledge.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

The alcohol improvement programme: evaluation of an initiative to address alcohol-related health harm in England

Aims: The evaluation aimed to assess the impact of The Alcohol Improvement Programme (AIP). This was a UK Department of Health initiative (April 2008–March 2011) aiming to contribute to the reduction of alcohol-related harm as measured by a reduction in the rate of increase in alcohol-related hospital admissions (ARHAs). Methods: The evaluation (March 2010–September 2011) used a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods to assess the impact of the AIP on ARHAs, to describe and assess the process of implementation, and to identify elements of the programme which might serve as a ‘legacy’ for the future. Results: There was no evidence that the AIP had an impact on reducing the rise in the rate of ARHAs. The AIP was successfully delivered, increased the priority given to alcohol-related harm on local policy agendas and strengthened the infrastructure for the delivery of interventions. Conclusion: Although there was no measurable short-term impact on the rise in the rate of ARHAs, the AIP helped to set up a strategic response and a delivery infrastructure as a first, necessary step in working towards that goal. There are a number of valuable elements in the AIP which should be retained and repackaged to fit into new policy contexts

Community Based Care for Older People with Alcohol-Related Harm : Findings from a consultation workshop with practitioners in social work and social

This report emerged from an interactive workshop on identifying and responding to alcohol issues in non-clinical settings funded by Alcohol Research UK (Grant Reference No: R/2013/06). Little is known about the daily challenges faced by the social care workforce when an older person is living at home with issues associated with problematic alcohol use. The situation can be very complex and challenging for those offering support particularly where there are co-existing physical health conditions and mental ill-health. The workshop was attended by 37 participants from: domiciliary care (2) voluntary sector employees (2); social workers with older people (23); mental health practitioners (5); specialist workers in alcohol and drugs (2); community nurses (2); manager of quality (1). Participants came from London and outer regions and were recruited through outreach to the university’s existing local partnerships and networks. The workshop facilitated themed discussion areas which aimed to: a) explore and describe current issues for the community-based workforce working with older people with alcohol related harm in order to identify training and support needs b) make recommendations derived from participants practice experience which better identify and provide support community based care for older people and to inform the range and types of collaborations and care pathways needed for improvement. c) explore the potential for using visual imagery as a method to convey information about the issues in an accessible format. Key findings 1. Improved infrastructure and referral pathways are needed to ensure a more holistic approach towards older people with problematic substance use. Basing specialist workers in social work teams and regular liaison between social work and other community services such as health, housing and ageing or carers’ services would establish and develop trust and support frequent communication. 2. Develop tailored and sensitive tools that facilitate screening and assessment which are friendly to use across a range of services to help detect co-occurring conditions in older people experiencing problematic alcohol use. There is a need for toolkits to facilitate ‘good practice’ approaches for use in training and by practitioners and service commissioners. 3. Mandatory education about harmful effects of alcohol in later life is needed to make sure everyone is prepared to assess, identify and work with older people with alcohol issues. This should target hospital staff, GPs as well as social services, care staff, not just on alcohol but more widely about how this interacts with other issues in later life such as health, mental health and polypharmacy. Service users and carers also need to be targeted with education. 4. Provide specialist training/information/skills on working with brain injuries and other mental health or cognitive impairment in older people as a result of sustained alcohol misuse. 5. All professionals have a responsibility for their own knowledge and skills and updating themselves on current issues and this should be discussed and encouraged during appraisals and reviews. 6. Policy, practice guidance and commissioning should recognise the importance of being able to build rapport and engage with older people. Practioners require sufficient allocation of time to do this and support to access any relevant resources to support care planning as a result of their assessments. 7. Meaningful engagement requires facilitating older people to access support that is specifically tailored for them; for example, by being delivered in their own homes or somewhere they can get to easily or in places they already might go to. 8. There is a need for more community-based resources that work with alcohol related issues including outreach and advocacy