Silver and platinum-catalysed addition of O–H and N–H bonds to allenes

Transition-metal catalysed nucleophile addition to allenes is a very powerful tool for the synthesis of functionalised molecules containing heteroatoms, heterocycles in the intramolecular version, or allyl derivatives in the intermolecular version. The reaction has been explored with a wide variety of metals, silver being one of the most effective. Although platinum has somehow been less explored, different reactivities have been observed with this metal, showing the great potential and versatility of this methodology. This review will highlight the reactions with these two metals, silver and platinum, when oxygen or nitrogen nucleophiles are employed. Although most of the examples describe the intramolecular version, some intermolecular reactions with platinum have been described, and will also be covered

Cultural Vitality in Communities: Interpretation and Indicators

This report introduces a definition of cultural vitality that includes the range of cultural activity people around the country find significant. We use this definition as a lens to clarify our understanding of data necessary, as well as the more limited data currently available, to document arts and culture in communities in a consistent, recurrent and reliable manner. Specifically, we define cultural vitality as evidence of creating, disseminating, validating, and supporting arts and culture as a dimension of everyday life in communities. We develop and recommend an initial set of arts and culture indicators derived from nationally available data, and compare selected metropolitan areas based on these measures. Policy and planning implications for use of the cultural vitality definition and related measures are discussed

The fracking debate in the media: the role of citizen platforms as sources of information

This article focusses on the analysis of the news coverage of fracking in the seven daily national Spanish newspapers in 2012. The results of the analysis of the 246 news items, based on the theory of framing, have demonstrated that the debate in the Spanish press also focusses on the concept of risks versus benefits. The environmental threat stands out as a result of the large number of actors, appearing as sources in the news items that are against the technique of fracking. Regional politicians and anti-fracking platforms lead the public debate, forming a negative opinion of this technique in Spain

Unravelling mechanistic insights in the platinum-catalysed dihydroalkoxylation of allenes

The mechanism of the platinum-catalysed dihydroalkoxylation of allenes to give acetals has been studied experimentally and by computational methods. Our findings further explain divergent reactivity encountered for platinum- and gold-vinyl intermediates after the first nucleophilic attack onto the coordinated allene, as well as provide new details on the catalytic cycle with platinum, uncovering enol ethers as resting states of the catalytic cycle, a S(E)Ox process via Pt(V)-H as the final protodemetallation step after the second nucleophilic attack when neutral platinum complexes are used, and a fast acid promoted addition of methanol to enol ethers when cationic platinum complexes are employed

Investing in Creativity: A Study of the Support Structure for U.S. Artists

Documents and analyzes the environment of support for individual artists. Provides a framework for analysis of various dimensions of the support structure, nationally and in specific sites across the U.S. Includes support programs and policy initiatives

Arts and Culture in Communities: A Framework for Measurement

Offers a framework for capturing and measuring arts, culture, and creative expression at the neighborhood level. Discusses the presence of opportunities for cultural participation, impacts of participation, and support systems for cultural expression

Arts and Culture in Communities: Systems of Support

Presents findings by the Urban Institute's Arts and Culture Indicators in Community Building Project on the characteristics of support systems that are most likely to produce opportunities for cultural engagement

Arts and Culture in Communities: Unpacking Participation

Presents findings by the Urban Institute's Arts and Culture Indicators in Community Building Project on a range of arts and cultural participation within the context of various community building processes

Identification of novel IFITM1/IFITM3 signalling pathways implicated in the interferon response

Interferon induced transmembrane protein 1 (IFITM1) is an interferon (IFN) stimulated protein upregulated during development of radiation resistance in cancer. It is present in resistant tumours, generating a multi-drug resistant phenotype and escaping frompro-apoptotic effects (Weichselbaum et al., 2008a; Yang et al., 2007). The signal transduction events that are orchestrated by IFITM1/IFITM3 are not well defined. As IFITM1 is the main isoformdescribed as a pro-oncogene, we started studying its interactome. To begin to elucidate its molecular mechanism of action, isogenic IFITM1 null and IFITM1/IFITM3 double null cervical cancer cells, engineered by CRISPR/Cas9 system, were used to define dominant pathways mediated by IFITM1/IFITM3 proteins. The results suggested a specific role for IFITM1/IFITM3 in regulating ribosomal integrity. In this study, therefore, we explored whether IFITM1/IFITM3 were capable of facilitating protein synthesis. The localization of IFITM/IFITM3 to ribosomal translation protein factors prompted an analysis of IFN -dependent protein synthesis using pulse SILAC-mass spectrometry. The IFITM1/IFITM3–IFN complex mediates signal transduction through ISG15, IRF1, and HLA-B molecules. Additional experimental work consolidated the association between IFITM1/IFITM3 and HLA-B or ISG15. Moreover, the implications of IFITM1/IFITM3 loss of expression on RNA regulation were further investigated by RNASeq and RT-qPCR. In conclusion, the present study characterises a novel function for IFITM1/IFITM3 proteins. They are implicated in protein synthesis in IFN -stimulated cells, providing a new insight into how these proteins are relevant in cancer. These data have implications for the function of IFITM1/IFITM3 in mediating appropriate antigen presentation recognition and protein modification by ISGylation