30,659 research outputs found
Scanning laser techniques for characterisation of different surface breaking defect geometries
Measurements using a laser scanning system consisting of a pulsed Nd:YAG laser to generate surface ultrasonic
waves and an interferometer to detect the surface displacement, are presented for different samples and defect geometries. We show, firstly, details of the interaction of Rayleigh waves in thick samples with machined slots inclined at an angle to the surface normal, or with simple branched geometries, scanning the generation source over the defect (SLLS) or scanning the detection point over the defect (SLD). Secondly, we discuss effects of Lamb waves interacting with V-shaped defects in thin samples. The results from these measurements have shown that the signal enhancement found in the near-field in both cases can be used to position the defect and gain an idea of its geometry, and have shown this to be a suitable fingerprint of the presence of the defect
Time-resolved optical photometry of the ultra-compact binary 4U0614+091
We present a detailed optical study of the ultra-compact X-ray binary
4U0614+091. We have used 63 hrs of time-resolved optical photometry taken with
three different telescopes (IAC80, NOT and SPM) to search for optical
modulations. The power spectra of each dataset reveals sinusoidal modulations
with different periods, which are not always present. The strongest modulation
has a period of 51.3 mins, a semi-amplitude of 4.6 mmags, and is present in the
IAC80 data. The SPM and NOT data show periods of 42 mins and 64 mins
respectively, but with much weaker amplitudes, 2.6 mags and 1.3 mmags
respectively. These modulations arise from either X-ray irradiation of the
inner face of the secondary star and/or a superhump modulation from the
accretion disc, or quasi-periodic modulations in the accretion disc. It is
unclear whether these periods/quasi-periodic modulations are related to the
orbital period, however, the strongest period of 51.3 mins is close to earlier
tentative orbital periods. Further observations taken over a long base-line are
encouraged.Comment: Accepted for publication in PAS
Dorey's Rule and the q-Characters of Simply-Laced Quantum Affine Algebras
Let Uq(ghat) be the quantum affine algebra associated to a simply-laced
simple Lie algebra g. We examine the relationship between Dorey's rule, which
is a geometrical statement about Coxeter orbits of g-weights, and the structure
of q-characters of fundamental representations V_{i,a} of Uq(ghat). In
particular, we prove, without recourse to the ADE classification, that the rule
provides a necessary and sufficient condition for the monomial 1 to appear in
the q-character of a three-fold tensor product V_{i,a} x V_{j,b} x V_{k,c}.Comment: 30 pages, latex; v2, to appear in Communications in Mathematical
Physic
Human papillomavirus E2 regulates SRSF3 (SRp20) to promote capsid protein expression in infected differentiated keratinocytes
The human papillomavirus (HPV) life cycle is tightly linked to differentiation of the infected epithelial cell suggesting a sophisticated interplay between host cell metabolism and virus replication. Previously we demonstrated in differentiated keratinocytes in vitro and in vivo that HPV16 infection caused increased levels of the cellular SR splicing factors (SRSFs) SRSF1 (ASF/SF2), SRSF2 (SC35) and SRSF3 (SRp20). Moreover, the viral E2 transcription and replication factor that is expressed at high levels in differentiating keratinocytes could bind and control activity of the SRSF1 gene promoter. Here we reveal that E2 proteins of HPV16 and HPV31 control expression of SRSFs 1, 2 and 3 in a differentiation-dependent manner. E2 has the greatest trans-activation effect on expression of SRSF3. siRNA depletion experiments in two different models of the HPV16 life cycle (W12E and NIKS16) and one model of the HPV31 life cycle (CIN612-9E) revealed that only SRSF3 contributed significantly to regulation of late events in the virus life cycle. Increased levels of SRSF3 are required for L1 mRNA and capsid protein expression. Capsid protein expression was regulated specifically by SRSF3 and appeared independent of other SRSFs. Taken together these data suggest a significant role of the HPV E2 protein in regulating late events in the HPV life cycle through transcriptional regulation of SRSF3 expression.
IMPORTANCE Human papillomavirus replication is accomplished in concert with differentiation of the infected epithelium. Virus capsid protein expression is confined to the upper epithelial layers so as to avoid immune detection. In this study we demonstrate that the viral E2 transcription factor activates the promoter of the cellular SRSF3 RNA processing factor. SRSF3 is required for expression of the E4̂L1 mRNA and so controls expression of the HPV L1 capsid protein. Thus we reveal a new dimension of virus-host interaction crucial for production of infectious virus. SRSF proteins are known drug targets. Therefore, this study provides an excellent basis for developing strategies to regulate capsid protein production in the infected epithelium and production of new virions
Spatial Determination of Magnetic Avalanche Ignition Points
Using time-resolved measurements of local magnetization in the molecular
magnet Mn12-ac, we report studies of the propagation of magnetic avalanches
(fast magnetization reversals) that originate from points inside the crystals
rather than at the edges. The curved nature of the fronts produced by
avalanches is reflected in the time-of-arrival at micro-Hall sensors placed at
the surface of the sample. Assuming that the avalanche interface is a spherical
bubble that grows with a radius proportional to time, we are able to locate the
approximate ignition point of each avalanche in a two-dimensional cross-section
of the crystal. For the samples used in these studies, avalanches in a given
crystal are found to originate in a small region with a radius of roughly 150
microns.Comment: 3 pages, 4 figure
Hidden variables with nonlocal time
To relax the apparent tension between nonlocal hidden variables and
relativity, we propose that the observable proper time is not the same quantity
as the usual proper-time parameter appearing in local relativistic equations.
Instead, the two proper times are related by a nonlocal rescaling parameter
proportional to |psi|^2, so that they coincide in the classical limit. In this
way particle trajectories may obey local relativistic equations of motion in a
manner consistent with the appearance of nonlocal quantum correlations. To
illustrate the main idea, we first present two simple toy models of local
particle trajectories with nonlocal time, which reproduce some nonlocal quantum
phenomena. After that, we present a realistic theory with a capacity to
reproduce all predictions of quantum theory.Comment: 16 pages, accepted for publication in Found. Phys., misprints
corrected, references update
Enzymes as Feed Additive to Aid in Responses Against Eimeria Species in Coccidia-Vaccinated Broilers Fed Corn-Soybean Meal Diets with Different Protein Levels
This research aimed to evaluate the effects of adding a combination of exogenous enzymes to starter diets varying in protein content and fed to broilers vaccinated at day of hatch with live oocysts and then challenged with mixed Eimeria spp. Five hundred four 1-d-old male Cobb-500 chickens were distributed in 72 cages. The design consisted of 12 treatments. Three anticoccidial control programs [ionophore (IO), coccidian vaccine (COV), and coccidia-vaccine + enzymes (COV + EC)] were evaluated under 3 CP levels (19, 21, and 23%), and 3 unmedicated-uninfected (UU) negative controls were included for each one of the protein levels. All chickens except those in unmedicated-uninfected negative controls were infected at 17 d of age with a mixed oral inoculum of Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria maxima, and Eimeria tenella. Live performance, lesion scores, oocyst counts, and samples for gut microflora profiles were evaluated 7 d postinfection. Ileal digestibility of amino acids (IDAA) was determined 8 d postinfection. Microbial communities (MC) were analyzed by G + C%, microbial numbers were counted by flow cytometry, and IgA concentrations were measured by ELISA. The lowest CP diets had poorer (P ≤ 0.001) BW gain and feed conversion ratio in the preinfection period. Coccidia-vaccinated broilers had lower performance than the ones fed ionophore diets during pre- and postchallenge periods. Intestinal lesion scores were affected (P ≤ 0.05) by anticoccidial control programs, but responses changed according to gut section. Feed additives or vaccination had no effect (P ≥ 0.05) on IDAA, and diets with 23% CP had the lowest (P ≤ 0.001) IDAA. Coccidial infection had no effect on MC numbers in the ileum but reduced MC numbers in ceca and suppressed ileal IgA production. The COV + EC treatment modulated MC during mixed coccidiosis infection but did not significantly improve chicken performance. Results indicated that feed enzymes may be used to modulate the gut microflora of cocci-vaccinated broiler chickens
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