Violence in teen dating relationships: Factors that may influence the occurrence of dating violence

The current study used a Post-positivist paradigm and was quantitative in nature. In addition, it used a descriptive survey design, which utilized self-reported questionnaires. The final sample included 125 students, ages 18-20, in undergraduate psychology courses at a Southern California university. This study attempted to explore the differences between the tree types of dating violence profiles: 1) victim only, 2) perpetrator only and 3) mutually violent; however, only 37 participants completed the questionnaire, which made statistical analysis impossible. Nonetheless, this study explored differences in relation to the demographic characteristics and five variables: a) gender, b) self-esteem, c) severity of violence, d) relationship satisfaction, and e) acceptance of violence. Therefore, this study proposed that differences would be identified and used correlations to reveal any associations between the variables. It was discovered that dating violence occurred among the sample with an 87.8% prevalence rate

The relationship between cultural loyalty and attachment, and career aspirations and perceived realistic career

The purpose of this study is to determine if there is a relationship between cultural loyalty and attachment, and career aspirations and their perceived realistic career among college students. The participants used for this study consists of fifty-six students attending the California State University, San Bernardino. Data was collected through paper surveys at both the Student Assistance In Learning (SAIL) office in the University Hall building, and outside the Santos Manuel Student Union

Concurrent Polysubstance Use in College Students: A Brief Social Norms Intervention to Abate Use

Introduction: Many college students engage in marijuana and alcohol use, as well as concurrent and simultaneous polysubstance use of both of these substances (CPU, SPU). The literature on CPU and SPU in this population has not been comprehensively reviewed. It is also unclear whether when compared with concurrent users, simultaneous users experience increased risk of substance-related problems (problems), and if a brief normative feedback (NF) intervention is feasible for and can impact marijuana and alcohol use by concurrent users. Methods: This study involved: Paper 1) a narrative review of literature on marijuana and alcohol use and CPU and SPU in college students, Paper 2) secondary analysis to compare odds of experiencing problems between concurrent and simultaneous users, and Paper 3) the development and provision of a Web-based NF intervention targeted at freshmen. Intervention conditions included marijuana-only NF, alcohol-only NF and both marijuana and alcohol NF, with a one-month follow-up assessment. Results: Paper 1 found that CPU may increase students’ risk of experiencing problems and that more studies are needed to better understand CPU and SPU in college students. One-way ANOVA models in Paper 2 found that compared to concurrent users, simultaneous users engaged in more substance use. The odds of respondents in the two groups reporting some of the individual problems and experiencing four or more problems in the previous month were significantly different in multiple logistic regression models. Paper 3 found that provision of marijuana and alcohol NF to concurrent users is feasible. Significant time effects were found for five of the nine outcome variables related to norms perceptions, substance use and problems during linear mixed-models for repeated analyses. No significant condition or condition*time effects were found. Conclusions: More research is needed to further understand CPU and SPU and the potential for experiencing increased substance use and problems. This knowledge could be used to tailor prevention interventions to these patterns of use. It appears possible to deliver marijuana NF, both alone and alongside alcohol NF, but more research is needed to determine if marijuana use can effectively be modified with brief interventions that have been supported for alcohol prevention

Identity Development and Intervention Studies: The Right Time for a Marriage?

A cohesive identity plays a key role in mental health and well-being. Yet, few studies involving identity have been intervention studies, and few intervention studies have included identity-related variables. In this article, we speculate about why this might be so. We argue that intervention research with young people will be more informative when variables tapping key developmental processes and outcomes such as identity cohesion, style, distress, and turning points are included. Such research can (a) promote positive identity development as an important aim, (b) illuminate processes of identity-related change, and (c) add knowledge about for whom interventions work and why they work, through identity’s mediating or moderating effects. We argue that these integrative steps will make treatment and prevention interventions for young people more effective and potent

An Initial Examination of the Role of Gender in Social Anxiety and Self-medication. Primary Psychiatry

Social anxiety disorder (also known as social phobia) is a common, debilitating disorder. Social anxiety disorder is the fourth most prevalent disorder, with lifetime prevalence rates of 12.1% (Kessler et al., 2005). Socially anxious individuals have demonstrated impairments in academic, occupational, and social functioning (Stein, Torgrud, & Walker, 2000 ) Social anxiety and substance abuse appear to be related. •Substances may be used to reduce distress in social situations (e.g. Tran Haaga, & Chambless, 1997; Goodwin, Fergusson, & Horwood. 2004; Ham, Hope, White, & Rivers, 2002) •Kushner, Sher, and Erikson (1999) concluded that regardless of whether a substance use problem occurred first or an anxiety problem occurred they feed into each other reciprocally. Previous research has suggested that young adult women experience social anxiety to a greater extent than men, and that anxiety and substance use are more strongly linked for women than for men. In the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse survey, girls with alcohol use disorders had higher rates of anxiety symptoms and anxiety disorders than boys (CASA, 2003). Although, there is research that examines alcohol use, social anxiety, and gender, most is either outdated or the studies have contrary findings. This study was designed to investigate the links between social anxiety (by fear of negative evaluation), substance use, and gender among emerging adults. As there is evidence to suggest that gender could serve as a moderator the relationshi

Identity Distress and Adjustment Problems in At-Risk Adolescents

This study assessed the usefulness of the Identity Distress Scale (IDS), a measure modeled after the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed., rev. [DSM–III–R]; American Psychiatric Association, 1987) defined Identity Disorder, by investigating links between identity distress and poor psychological adjustment in at-risk middle adolescents. A significant proportion (16%) met DSM–III–R criteria for Identity Disorder, and 34% met the more liberal criteria for Identity Problems as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; American Psychiatric Association, 1994). Significant associations were found between identity distress and both internalizing and externalizing symptoms. The IDS appears to be useful for identifying youth experiencing significant difficulties in developing an identity and for exploring links between Identity Problems and other areas of psychological functioning

Cities Under Lockdown: Mobility and Access Inequalities Stemming from COVID-19 in Urban Colombia

The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on cities have transformed the lives of urban societies across the globe. One of such effects has been the redefinition of access and urban mobility patterns, exposing divides and inequalities along the lines of class, gender and social positions. In Latin America, long-term lockdowns and widespread containment-oriented restrictions have deepened already acute conditions of poverty and deprivation. Low-income and socially vulnerable households and individuals in countries such as Colombia find themselves unable, or in a disadvantaged position, to work from home, access goods and services securely and avoid transport modes that increase exposure to contagion. This chapter examines inequalities in urban mobility and access to essential opportunities in urban settings in Colombia, through data collected from 3,900 respondents to a web survey organised during the national lockdown in the country in April 2020. The chapter presents a Latent Class Analysis model exploring how intersecting differences in class, gender, ethnicity, age and other relevant socioeconomic characteristics, influence the degree of adaptability and capacity to adapt to the challenging conditions posed by COVID-19 for physical travel and carrying out everyday activities. Building on three distinct classes of mobility and access-related conditions, the chapter reflects on structural inequalities associated with Colombian cities’ urban form, functional and productive structures and its wide social gaps. The chapter builds on empirical findings to reflect on urban policy and discuss avenues for addressing social and spatial inequalities worsened by the pandemic

The U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System: Governance Milestones and Lessons From Two Decades of Growth

Reflecting on two decades of the U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) is particularly timely during the OceanObs'19 meeting. Over the past twenty years since the first OceanObs meeting was convened, U.S. IOOS has advanced from regional proofs of concept to a national, sustained enterprise. U.S. IOOS has grown to include 17 Federal partners and 11 Regional Associations (RAs) that implement regional observing systems covering all U.S. coasts and Great Lakes with activities spanning from head of tide to the U.S. exclusive economic zone (EEZ). The National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), as lead agency, provides guidance and national-level coordination. An interagency body, the Integrated Ocean Observation Committee (IOOC), communicates across federal agencies and ensures IOOS maintains strong connections to the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS). Additionally, a federal advisory committee, non-federal association, and various informal partnerships further inform and advance the IOOS enterprise. This governance structure fosters both national consistency, regional flexibility, and global contributions addressing the diverse needs of U.S. coastal and Great Lakes stakeholders

The Electroweak Chiral Lagrangian for the Standard Model with a Heavy Higgs

The most general chiral Lagrangian for electroweak interactions with the complete set of $SU(2)_L\times U(1)_Y$ invariant operators up to dimension four is considered. The two-point and three-point functions with external gauge fields are derived from this effective chiral Lagrangian to one-loop order in a generic $R_\xi$-gauge. The same set of Green's functions are paralelly studied in the renormalizable standard model to one-loop order, in a $R_\xi$-gauge and in the large Higgs mass limit. An appropriate set of matching conditions connecting the Green's functions of the two theories allows us to derive, systematically, the values of the chiral Lagrangian coefficients corresponding to the large Higgs mass limit of the standard model. These chiral parameters represent the non-decoupling effects of a heavy Higgs particle and incorporate both the leading logarithmic dependence on \mh and the next to leading constant contributions. Some phenomenological implications are also discussed.Comment: pg.23, LaTeX, 3 figures (not included), FTUAM-93/2