Phosphomannosylation and the functional analysis of the extended Candida albicans MNN4-like gene family

We thank Luz A. López-Ramírez (Universidad de Guanajuato) for technical assistance. This work was supported by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (ref. CB2011/166860; PDCPN2014-247109, and FC 2015-02-834), Universidad de Guanajuato (ref. 000025/11; 0087/13; ref. 1025/2016; Convocatoria Institucional para Fortalecer la Excelencia Académica 2015; CIFOREA 89/2016), Programa de Mejoramiento de Profesorado (ref. UGTO-PTC-261), and Red Temática Glicociencia en Salud (CONACYT-México). NG acknowledges the Wellcome Trust (086827, 075470, 101873, and 200208) and MRC Centre for Medical Mycology for funding (N006364/1). KJ was supported by a research visitor grant to Aberdeen from China Scholarship Council (CSC No. 201406055024). The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02156/full#supplementary-materialPeer reviewedPublisher PD

Anesthesia with Dexmedetomidine and Remyphentanyl versus balanced anesthesia in craniotomy, hemodinamic profile, sedation and analgesia.

El advenimiento de nuevas drogas es un reto para el anestesiólogo, muchas de éstas resultan ser efectivas, otras quedan sin poder demostrar los beneficios para el paciente. Por esta razón, se hace necesario a través de la investigación clínica darle evidencia a cada una de ellas. La Dexmedetomidina y el Remifentanyl son dos fármacos de reciente introducción en anestesia y sus efectos en el paciente neuroquirúgico no han sido totalmente descritos. Objetivos: evaluar los cambios hemodinámicos durante las tres fases de la anestesia utilizando Fentanyl y Sevoflurane comparado con dexmedetomidina, remifentanyl y sevoflurane a dosis menores de 1 Concentración Alveolar Mínima adicionalmente se evaluaron tiempos de extubación, sedación y analgesia postoperatoria. Adicionalmente se evaluó el costo indirecto de las dos técnicas. Materiales y métodos: se realizo un ensayo clínico no aleatorizado en 50 pacientes, con riesgo anestésico entre I y III entre 18 y 80 años, sometidos a craniectomía. Se evaluó el riesgo relativo de presentar hipo o hipertensión, taquicardia o bradicardia, sedación y analgesia postoperatoria. Resultados: El análisis estadístico no mostro diferencias respecto a las características basales de los pacientes como genero, edad, peso o clasificación ASA. Durante la intubación se presentaron cambios hemodinámicos en el 56% de los pacientes de cada grupo, pero sin diferencias entre ellos. Durante el mantenimiento y extubación, el riesgo relativo de presentar taquicardia e hipertensión fue menor y significativo en el grupo intervenido (RR de 0,625 y 0,357 p=0,041 y 0,009). El tiempo a la extubación fue menor en el grupo intervenido (6,8 vs 13,6min. p=0,000), con un nivel Ramsey 3 en el 96% (n=24) versus 12% (n=3) en el grupo control (p=0,000). El dolor postoperatorio se dio en el 54% del grupo control y solo en el 4% del intervenido (p=0,000). Conclusiones: La dexmedetomidina y el Remifentanyl son dos drogas promisorias que nos dan la oportunidad de cumplir mejor los objetivos de la anestesia neuroquirurgica y deben ser evaluadas en futuros estudios clínicos controlados. (MÉD.UIS. 23(2):86-92). Palabras clave: anestesia. Craniectomía. Dexmedetomidina. Remifentanyl.        The coming of new drugs is a challenge for the anesthesiologist, many of these they turn out to be effective, others are without being able to demonstrate the benefits for the patient. It becomes necessary through the clinical investigation to give him evidences to each one of them. The Dexmedetomidine and the Remifentanyl they are two drugs of recent introduction in anesthesia and their effects in the patient neurosurgical they have not been completely described. Objectives: The major goal of this study was to evaluate the hemodynamic changes during the three phases of the anesthesia using fentanyl and sevoflurane compared with dexmedetomidine, remifentanyl and sevoflurane (DRS) to dose smaller than 1 CAM. A secondary goal was to compare times of extubación, sedation, postoperative analgesia and costs.Patient and Methods: Prospective study not randomized in 50 patients ASA I,II,III between 18 and 80 years, subjected to craniectomía. Patients were divided into one of two groups: Group FS (n=25) and DRS (n=25). The relative risk was evaluated (RR) of presenting hypertension, hypotension, taquicardia, bradicardia, sedation and postoperative analgesia. Results: The statistical analysis did not show differences regarding sex, age or ASA classification between two groups. Group DRS Patients presenting taquicardia and hypertension was smaller and more significant in the intervened group (RR 0.625 and 0.357 p=0.041 and 0.009). The time to the extubación was smaller in the intervened group (6,8 vs 13,6min. p=0,000), with a level Ramsey 3 in 96% (n=24) versus 12% (n=3) in the group control (p=0,000). The postoperative pain was given in 54% of the group control and alone in 4% of the one intervened (p=0,000). Conclusion: The dexmedetomidina and the Remifentanyl are two promissory drugs that give us the opportunity to complete the objectives of the anesthesia neurosurgical better and they should be evaluated in future controlled clinical studies disease and in people older than 60 years, the underlying neoplasm and cases of unknown etiology prevail. The anticoagulant treatment is effective and safe. The prognosis was excellent in the most of the cases. (MÉD.UIS. 2010;23(2):86-92). Key words: anesthesia craniotomy. Dexmedetomidina. Remifentanyl

Porous Titanium surfaces to control bacteria growth: mechanical properties and sulfonated polyetheretherketone coating as antibiofounling approaches

Here, titanium porous substrates were fabricated by a space holder technique. The relationship between microstructural characteristics (pore equivalent diameter, mean free-path between pores, roughness and contact surface), mechanical properties (Young’s modulus, yield strength and dynamic micro-hardness) and bacterial behavior are discussed. The bacterial strains evaluated are often found on dental implants: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The colony-forming units increased with the size of the spacer for both types of studied strains. An antibiofouling synthetic coating based on a sulfonated polyetheretherketone polymer revealed an effective chemical surface modification for inhibiting MRSA adhesion and growth. These findings collectively suggest that porous titanium implants designed with a pore size of 100–200 µm can be considered most suitable, assuring the best biomechanical and bifunctional anti-bacterial properties.University of Seville VI Plan Propio de Investigación y Transferencia—US 2018, I.3A

Balancing porosity and mechanical properties of titanium samples to favor cellular growth against bacteria

Two main problems limit the success of titanium implants: bacterial infection, which restricts their osseointegration capacity; and the stiffness mismatch between the implant and the host cortical bone, which promotes bone resorption and risk of fracture. Porosity incorporation may reduce this difference in stiffness but compromise biomechanical behavior. In this work, the relationship between the microstructure (content, size, and shape of pores) and the antibacterial and cellular behavior of samples fabricated by the space-holder technique (50 vol % NH4HCO3 and three ranges of particle sizes) is established. Results are discussed in terms of the best biomechanical properties and biofunctional activity balance (cell biocompatibility and antibacterial behavior). All substrates achieved suitable cell biocompatibility of premioblast and osteoblast in adhesion and proliferation processes. It is worth to highlighting that samples fabricated with the 100–200 μm space-holder present better mechanical behavior—in terms of stiffness, microhardness, and yield strength—which make them a very suitable material to replace cortical bone tissues. Those results exposed the relationship between the surface properties and the race of bacteria and mammalian cells for the surface with the aim to promote cellular growth over bacteria.University of Seville (Spain) VI Plan Propio de Investigación y Transferencia—US 2018, I.3A

Errores de medicación en niños que acuden a los servicios de urgencias pediátricas

Errores de medicación; Servicios de urgencias; PediatríaMedication errors; Emergency departments; PediatricsErrors de medicació; Servei d'urgències; PediatriaObjectives: Medication safety represents an important challenge in children. There are limited studies on medication errors in pediatric patients visiting emergency departments. To help bridge this gap, we characterized the medication errors detected in these patients, determining their severity, the stages of the medication process in which they occurred, the drugs involved, and the types and causes associated with the errors. Methods: We conducted a multicenter prospective observational study in the pediatric emergency departments of 8 Spanish public hospitals over a 4-month period. Medication errors detected by emergency pediatricians in patients between 0 and 16 years of age were evaluated by a clinical pharmacist and a pediatrician. Each medication error was analyzed according to the updated Spanish Taxonomy of Medication Errors. Results: In 99,797 visits to pediatric emergency departments, 218 (0.2%) medication errors were detected, of which 74 (33.9%) resulted in harm (adverse drug events). Preschoolers were the age group with the most medication errors (126/218). Errors originated mainly in the prescribing stage (66.1%), and also by self-medication (16.5%) and due to wrong administration of the medication by family members (15.6%). Dosing errors (51.4%) and wrong/improper drugs (46.8%) were the most frequent error types. Anti-infective drugs (63.5%) were the most common drugs implicated in medication errors with harm. Underlying causes associated with a higher proportion of medication errors were "medication knowledge deficit" (63.8%), "deviation from procedures/guidelines" (48.6%) and "lack of patient information" (30.3%). Conclusions: Medication errors presented by children attending emergency departments arise from prescriptions, self-medicationand administration, and lead to patient harm in one third of cases. Developing effective interventions based on the types of errors and the underlying causes identified will improve patient safety.Objetivos La seguridad de medicamentos en pediatría supone un verdadero reto. Se dispone de escasos estudios que hayan analizado los errores de medicación en los pacientes pediátricos que acuden a los servicios de urgencias. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido caracterizar los errores detectados en estos pacientes, determinando su severidad, los procesos afectados, los medicamentos implicados, y los tipos de errores y causas asociados. Métodos Estudio multicéntrico observacional prospectivo realizado en los servicios de urgencias de 8 hospitales públicos españoles durante 4 meses. Los errores de medicación detectados por los pediatras de urgencias en pacientes entre 0 y 16 años fueron evaluados por un farmacéutico y un pediatra. Los errores de medicación fueron analizados utilizando la Taxonomía Española de Errores de Medicación actualizada. Resultados En 99.797 visitas a urgencias se detectaron 218 (0,2%) errores de medicación, de los cuales 74 (33,9%) causaron daños (eventos adversos por medicamentos). Los preescolares fueron el grupo poblacional con mayor número de errores de medicación (126/218). Los errores se originaron mayoritariamente en la prescripción (66,1%), por automedicación (16,5%) y por administración equivocada por parte de familiares (15,6%). Los tipos de errores más frecuentes fueron “dosis incorrectas” (51,4%) y “medicamento inapropiado” (46,8%). Los antiinfecciosos (63,5%) fueron los fármacos más comúnmente implicados en los errores con daño. Las causas subyacentes asociadas a una mayor proporción de errores de medicación fueron: “falta de conocimiento del medicamento” (63,8%), “falta de seguimiento de los procedimientos” (48,6%) y “falta de información del paciente” (30,3%). Conclusiones Los errores de medicación en la población pediátrica que acude a urgencias se producen en la prescripción, por automedicación y en la administración, provocando daños a los pacientes en un tercio de las ocasiones. Desarrollar prácticas seguras basadas en los tipos de errores detectados y sus causas subyacentes, mejorará la seguridad de los pacientes.This study has been carried out with the support of a grant provided by the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacists for the period 2015–2016

The orosomucoid 1 protein (α1 acid glycoprotein) is overexpressed in odontogenic myxoma

Odontogenic myxoma (OM) is a benign, but locally invasive, neoplasm occurring in the jaws. However, the molecules implicated in its development are unknown. OM as well as Dental Follicle (DF), an odontogenic tissue surrounding the enamel organ, is derived from ectomesenchymal/mesencyhmal elements. To identify some protein that could participate in the development of this neoplasm, total proteins from OM were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis and the profiles were compared with those obtained from DF, used as a control

Effect of the inclusion of herbal phosphatidylcholine on palatability, digestibility and metabolisable energy of the diet in dogs

This study aimed to evaluate the palatability, nutrient digestibility, metabolisable energy (ME) and faecal characteristics of diets in dogs fed increasing levels of herbal phosphatidylcholine (herbal mix) versus an unsupplemented diet (with only 377 mg choline provided by 1 kg food) or choline chloride1 (2000 mg choline/kg food) in 40 adult dogs. In experiment 1, a palatability test was conducted to make two pairwise comparisons: 0 versus 200; and 0 versus 400 mg/kg herbal mix. In experiment 2, a digestibility test was performed to evaluate herbal mix at 0, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg and 2000 mg choline provided by choline chloride. Results from experiment 1 indicated that the dogs preferred diets containing herbal mix to the unsupplemented diet (P<0.05). In experiment 2, nutrient digestibility and faecal characteristics were not influenced by the treatment (P<0.059). The inclusion of 400 mg/kg of herbal mix increased the ME (quadratic effect, P<0.01). In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that the inclusion of a herbal mix rich in phosphatidylcholine (1.6%) and other methylated metabolites at 400 mg/kg can fully replace choline chloride in dog diets

Magnetic Field Measurement with Ground State Alignment

Observational studies of magnetic fields are crucial. We introduce a process "ground state alignment" as a new way to determine the magnetic field direction in diffuse medium. The alignment is due to anisotropic radiation impinging on the atom/ion. The consequence of the process is the polarization of spectral lines resulting from scattering and absorption from aligned atomic/ionic species with fine or hyperfine structure. The magnetic field induces precession and realign the atom/ion and therefore the polarization of the emitted or absorbed radiation reflects the direction of the magnetic field. The atoms get aligned at their low levels and, as the life-time of the atoms/ions we deal with is long, the alignment induced by anisotropic radiation is susceptible to extremely weak magnetic fields ($1{\rm G}\gtrsim B\gtrsim 10^{-15}$G). In fact, the effects of atomic/ionic alignment were studied in the laboratory decades ago, mostly in relation to the maser research. Recently, the atomic effect has been already detected in observations from circumstellar medium and this is a harbinger of future extensive magnetic field studies. A unique feature of the atomic realignment is that they can reveal the 3D orientation of magnetic field. In this article, we shall review the basic physical processes involved in atomic realignment. We shall also discuss its applications to interplanetary, circumstellar and interstellar magnetic fields. In addition, our research reveals that the polarization of the radiation arising from the transitions between fine and hyperfine states of the ground level can provide a unique diagnostics of magnetic fields in the Epoch of Reionization.Comment: 30 pages, 12 figures, chapter in Lecture Notes in Physics "Magnetic Fields in Diffuse Media". arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1203.557

Sol-gel deposition of hydroxyapatite coatings on porous titanium for biomedical applications

The stress shielding and the poor osseointegration in titanium implants are still problems to be resolved. In this context, this work proposes a balanced solution. Titanium samples were fabricated, with a porosity of 100-200 µm of pore size employing space-holder technique (50 vol. % NH4HCO3, 800 MPa at 1250 ºC during 2h under high vacuum conditions), obtaining a good equilibrium between stiffness and mechanical resistance. The porous titanium substrates were coated with hydroxyapatite, obtained by sol-gel technique: immersion, dried at 80ºC and heat treatment at 450ºC during 5h under vacuum conditions. Phases, surface morphology and interfacial microstructure of the transverse section were analyzed by Micro-Computed Tomography, SEM and confocal laser, as well as the infiltration capability of the coating into the metallic substrate pores. The FTIR and XRD showed the crystallinity of the phases and the chemical composition homogeneity of the coating. The size and interconnected pores obtained allow the infiltration of hydroxyapatite (HA), possible bone ingrowth and osseointegration. The scratch resistance of the coating corroborated a good adherence to the porous metallic substrate. The coated titanium samples have a biomechanical and biofunctional equilibrium, as well as a potential use in biomedical applications (partial substitution of bone tissue).Junta de Andalucía-FEDER (Spain) Project Ref. P12-TEP-1401Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness Grant No. MAT2015-71284-

Virtualización tridimensional interactiva de un parque eólico con fines didácticos

Constantemente se buscan nuevas formas de crear herramientas de apoyo en diferentes sectores. Al ir en crecimiento la industria eólica en México, instituciones educativas de nivel superior como la Universidad del Istmo, decidieron formar parte del Centro Mexicano de Innovación en Energía Eólica. Dicha universidad tiene la autorización al Proyecto P08 del CEMIE-Eólico, en donde se desarrolla un software enRealidad Virtual que permita conocer un parque eólico dentro de un ambiente controlado.Este trabajo expone los primeros resultados de la virtualización tridimensional interactiva de un parque eólico con fines didácticos, donde se propone el uso del modelo incremental de desarrollo de software aunado al modelo ASSURE de Diseño Instruccional, con el fin de motivar y estimular al estudiante a realizar las actividades que le permitan conocer el parque eólico. Asimismo, se implementa un patrón Modelo-Vista-Controlador con el motor de videojuegos Unity 3D y diferentes herramientas de modelado 3D. Los resultados preliminares del SRV desarrollado son prometedores, lo cual propicia trabajos a futuro.Palabra(s) Clave(s): diseño instruccional, modelo ASSURE, modelo incremental, parque eólico, realidad virtual