INFLUENCIA DE LAS ESTRATEGIAS INSTRUCCIONALES BASADAS EN SIMULACIONES SOBRE EL NIVEL DE APRENDIZAJE

El prop\uf3sito de este estudio cuantitativo experimental fue introducir una estrategia instruccional basada en el Aprendizaje por Simulaci\uf3n, con la intenci\uf3n de evaluar su efecto sobre el nivel de aprendizaje de los sujetos participantes. Un t\uf3pico sencillo sobre procesamiento de datos fue utilizado en dos variantes: La primera utiliz\uf3 una metodolog\ueda tradicional de instrucci\uf3n presencial y la segunda se aplicaron herramientas de simulaci\uf3n para suministrar el mismo contenido instruccional. Los participantes fueron asignados a un grupo experimental o a un grupo control y luego de la aplicaci\uf3n de pruebas antes y despu\ue9s de la intervenci\uf3n, los resultados fueron sometidos a un an\ue1lisis estad\uedstico (evaluaci\uf3n de hip\uf3tesis). Seg\ufan los resultados obtenidos, se determino que las herramientas multimedia no demostraron ser estad\uedsticamente significativas en el proceso de aprendizaje. Se plantearon lineamientos sobre las fortalezas y debilidades de la estrategia en cuesti\uf3n. The intention of this quantitative experimental study was to introduce a instruccional strategy based on Learning by Simulation, with the intention of evaluating its effect on the learning level achieved by participants. A topic on data processing was used in two variants: The first one used a traditional methodology or approach for instruction and the second one applied tools based on simulation to deliver the same instruccional content. The randomly selected participants were either assigned to an experimental group or to a control group. After the application of tests before and after the intervention, the results were submitted to a statistical analysis (evaluation of hypothesis). Learning by Simulation did not significantly improve performance. Using the obtained results, strengths and weaknesses of the strategy in question were stated and discussed. Palabras claves: ense\uf1anza universitaria; aprendizaje significativo; rendimiento acad\ue9mico; sistemas de simulaci\uf3n.ABSTRACT INFLUENCE OF INSTRUCCIONAL STRATEGIES BASED ON SIMULATIONS ON THE LEARNING LEVEL The purpose of this study was to introduce a quantitative experimental instructional strategy based Learning by Simulation, with the intention of evaluating its effect on the learning level of the participating subjects. A single topic on data processing was used in two variants: The first used a traditional method of classroom instruction and the second simulation tools were applied to provide the same instructional content. Participants were assigned to an experimental group or a control group and after application of tests before and after the intervention, the results were subjected to statistical analysis (hypothesis testing). According to the results, it was determined that the multimedia tools did not prove statistically significant in the learning process. Guidelines were raised about the strengths and weaknesses of the strategy in question. The intention of This quantitative experimental study introduces WAS to instructional strategy based on Learning by Simulation, With the intention of Evaluating STI effect on the learning level Achieved by Participants. A topic on data processing in two variants WAS USED: The first one or Methodology Used to traditional approach for instruction and the second one based on simulation tools Applied to Deliver the Same instructional content. The randomly selected Were Either Participants Assigned to an experimental group or to a control group. After the application of tests Before and After the intervention, the results Were Submitted to a statistical analysis (evaluation of hypothesis). Learning by Simulation did not Significantly Improve Performance. Obtained Using the results, Strengths and Weaknesses of the strategy in question Were State and discussed. Key words: university education, meaningful learning, academic performance simulation systems

MANEJO DE LAS FRACTURAS DE FEMUR MEDIANTE EL USO DE TRACCION CUTANEA EN PACIENTES PED\ucdATRICOS.

Con la finalidad de evaluar la respuesta a la tracci\uf3n cut\ue1nea en pacientes con fractura de f\ue9mur, se realiz\uf3 un estudio prospectivo descriptivo, entre marzo y agosto de 1995, en ni\uf1os menores de 12 a\uf1os, que ingresaron al servicio de Emergencia del Departamento de Pediatr\ueda del Hospital Central Universitario "Antonio Mar\ueda Pineda" de Barquisimeto, con diagn\uf3stico cl\uednico y radiol\uf3gico de fracturas de f\ue9mur. se incluyeron 20 ni\uf1os a los cuales se- les coloc\uf3 tracci\uf3n cut\ue1nea y se les lleno un formato. se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados: el grupo etano m\ue1s afectado correspondi\uf3 al de 0-4 a\uf1os (50%); en un 70% al sexo masculino, en un 50% el peso oscil\uf3 entre 7 y 14 kilos; en todos los pacientes (100%) los s\uedntomas predominantes fueron dolor agudo e impotencia funcional; en un 85% la fractura ocurri\uf3 en el tercio medio de la di\ue1fisis femoral, y en un 60% el trazo de fractura predominante fue el oblicua. El promedio de d\uedas con tracci\uf3n cut\ue1nea de Buck fue de 10.7 d\uedas. A todos los pacientes se les practic\uf3 estudios radiol\uf3gicos de control, no encontr\ue1ndose ninguna complicaci\uf3n debida a-la tracci\uf3n cut\ue1nea. SUMMARY This prospective descriptive study was carried out to evaluate the answer to cutaneous traction cutaneous in pediatric patients during march-august 1995 term. The procedure was attempted in 20 children under 12 years o\uedd. All admitted at Emergency of Pediatric Departament of Hospital Central "Antonio Mar\ueda Pineda" Barquisimeto. All were clinical and radiologycal diagnosed with femur fracture. A cutaneous traction was set to each child and then a format was given to the whole group. Data analysys showed that the group of 0-4 years (50%) was the most affected, 70% of mate sex. The weight of 50% of all patients was through 7 to 14 kgrs. Acute pain and functional impotence were the prevailing symptoms at 100% of patients. 85% of the f\ue9mur fracture occurred at middle third of the femoral diaphysis and at 60%, oblique was the prevailing fracture trace. The average of Buck's cutaneous traction was 10.7 days. All the patients whom were practiced radiological control exames didn't presente any complication owing to the cutaneous traction

Introducci\uf3n de Ageniaspis citricola Logvinovskaya,1983 (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) para el control del "minador de la hoja de los c\uedtricos" Phyllocnistis citrella Staiton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae: Phyllocnistinae) en el estado Yaracuy, Venezuela

Linares B., Hern\ue1ndez J., Morillo J., Hern\ue1ndez L. 2001. Introduction of Ageniaspis citricola Logvinovskaya,1983 (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) for controlling the citrus leaf miner Phyllocnistis citrella Staiton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae: Phyllocnistinae) in Yaracuy State, Venezuela. Entomotropica 16(2):143-145. To enhance endemic parasitism of Phyllocnistis citrella Staiton, 700 specimens of Ageniaspis citricola Logvinovskaya were imported from Peru and released at Instivoc farm, Yaracuy State, in 1998. In 2000 the parasitoid was detected in six localities of Yaracuy parazitizing 37.18 % of P. citrella (a range of 23.12 to 68.11 %). Contrastingly endemic parasitism reached only 10.65 % (a range of 0 to 31.53 %). The parasitoid adapted well to the climatic conditions of Yaracuy.Linares B., Hern\ue1ndez J., Morillo J., Hern\ue1ndez L. 2001. Introducci\uf3n de Ageniaspis citricola Logvinovskaya,1983 (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) para el control del "minador de la hoja de los c\uedtricos" Phyllocnistis citrella Staiton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae: Phyllocnistinae) en el estado Yaracuy, Venezuela. Entomotropica 16(2):143-145. Para fortalecer el parasitismo nativo de Phyllocnistis citrella Staiton, se importaron 700 ejemplares del parasitoide Ageniaspis citricola Logvinovskaya desde Per\ufa y se liberaron en la finca Instivoc, estado Yaracuy en 1998. En el 2000 se detect\uf3 el parasitoide en seis localidades de Yaracuy, parasitando el 37,18 % de P. citrella (un rango de 23,12 a 68,11 %); en contraste, el parasitismo nativo alcanz\uf3 el 10,65 % (de 0 a 31,53 %). El parasitioide se adapt\uf3 a las condiciones de Yaracuy

ARTE Y CIENCIA UNA RELACI 3N INEVITABLE

Ricardo Hern\ue1ndez, (Barquisimeto, Lara 1993). Estudiante de Licenciatura en Artes Pl\ue1sticas. Desde ni\uf1o me fascinaba leer. Tambi\ue9n me encantaba dibujar, pintar, esculpir en plastilina y arcilla. Mi t\uedo siempre ha sido un lector empedernido y un acumulador compulsivo de libros; de all\ued mi gusto por la lectura y la escritura. <br

REESCRITURAS DEL CUERPO Y LA SEXUALIDAD FEMENINA DESDE EL EMBARAZO: UNA HISTORIA DE VIDA

El cuerpo de las mujeres embarazadas como territorio de interpretaciones desde la perspectiva de g\ue9nero, es tema fundamental de este estudio cuyo prop\uf3sito es reconstruir el cuerpo y la sexualidad de una mujer embarazada desde una historia de vida, en donde se visibilice su experiencia, subjetividad, sentires y pensares durante este periodo de gestaci\uf3n; a trav\ue9s de la implementaci\uf3n del paradigma feminista desde la investigaci\uf3n cualitativa y el m\ue9todo biogr\ue1fico. Para ello se utiliz\uf3 la entrevista a profundidad y el relato autobiogr\ue1fico como t\ue9cnicas de recopilaci\uf3n de la informaci\uf3n as\ued como las propuestas de Alejandro Moreno y Jacques Chevalier para su an\ue1lisis, interpretaci\uf3n y reconstrucci\uf3n dial\ue9ctica entre la protagonista, la co-historiadora y las teor\uedas. Las reflexiones finales enlazan al cuerpo y a la sexualidad femenina como categor\uedas de an\ue1lisis, desde lo representativo y vivencial; al embarazo como punto de inflexi\uf3n en la vida de las mujeres y desde donde se mira; finalmente al cuerpo de la mujer como un territorio de habitaci\uf3n, del g\ue9nero, la cultura, la pol\uedtica, interpretado desde afuera y desde adentro, proponiendo otras miradas posibles. PALABRAS CLAVE: Cuerpo. Sexualidad. Embarazo. Perspectiva de g\ue9nero. Historia de vida. ABSTRACT The body of pregnant women as a territory of interpretations from the perspective of gender, is a fundamental theme of this study whose purpose is to reconstruct the body and sexuality of a pregnant woman from a life history, where her experience, subjectivity, feelings and thinking during this gestation period can be visualized; all this through the implementation of the feminist paradigm from qualitative research and the biographical method. For this purpose, the interview and the autobiographical narrative were used as techniques of information collection as well as the proposals of Alejandro Moreno and Jacques Chevalier for their analysis, interpretation and dialectical reconstruction between the protagonist, the co-historian and theories. The final reflections link the body and female sexuality as categories of analysis, from the representative and experiential; to pregnancy as a turning point in the life of women and from where one looks; finally, to the body of the woman as a territory of habitat, from gender, culture, politics, interpreted from the outside and from the inside, proposing other possible glances. KEY WORDS: body, sexuality, pregnancy, gender perspective, life history. <br

The use of dendrograms to describe the electrical activity of motoneurons underlying behaviors in leeches

The present manuscript aims at identifying patterns of electrical activity recorded from neurons of the leech nervous system, characterizing specific behaviors. When leeches are at rest, the electrical activity of neurons and motoneurons is poorly correlated. When leeches move their head and/or tail, in contrast, action potential (AP) firing becomes highly correlated. When the head or tail suckers detach, specific patterns of electrical activity are detected. During elongation and contraction the electrical activity of motoneurons in the Medial Anterior and Dorsal Posterior nerves increase, respectively, and several motoneurons are activated both during elongation and contraction. During crawling, swimming, and pseudo-swimming patterns of electrical activity are better described by the dendrograms of cross-correlations of motoneurons pairs. Dendrograms obtained from different animals exhibiting the same behavior are similar and by averaging these dendrograms we obtained a template underlying a given behavior. By using this template, the corresponding behavior is reliably identified from the recorded electrical activity. The analysis of dendrograms during different leech behavior reveals the fine orchestration of motoneurons firing specific to each stereotyped behavior. Therefore, dendrograms capture the subtle changes in the correlation pattern of neuronal networks when they become involved in different tasks or functions

ADICI 3N DE ROCA FOSF 3RICA Y CAMBIOS EN LAS FRACCIONES DE P EN SUELOS CON DIFERENTE HUMEDAD Y PER\uedODOS DE INCUBACI 3N

El objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar la disoluci\uf3n de la roca fosf\uf3rica (RF) Monte Fresco en dos suelos \ue1cidos muy contrastantes en caracter\uedsticas f\uedsico-qu\uedmicas, mediante un esquema de fraccionamiento a diferentes per\uedodos de incubaci\uf3n y contenidos de humedad. El suelo Iguana es muy arenoso, de baja fertilidad natural y baja capacidad de retenci\uf3n de fosfatos, mientras que el suelo Bram\uf3n es mucho m\ue1s \ue1cido y mayor contenido de Al cambiable pero con mayor fertilidad natural y alta capacidad de retenci\uf3n de fosfatos. En el suelo Iguana la RF se disolvi\uf3 en una mayor proporci\uf3n que en el suelo Bram\uf3n, ya que este suelo, a pesar de su fuerte acidez present\uf3 altos niveles de P (total y disponible) y Ca intercambiable los cuales generaron condiciones menos apropiadas para la reacci\uf3n de la RF. A lo largo de la incubaci\uf3n con RF, como resultado de la redistribuci\uf3n de las fracciones mayores de P (P-HCl y P-residual) originalmente presentes en la RF, ocurri\uf3 un incremento significativo para la fracciones P-resina y P-microbiano en el suelo Iguana, y de P-resina, P-microbiano, NaOH-Pi y Po en el suelo Bram\uf3n, en este caso, posiblemente asociado con sus mayores niveles de C. Un mayor contenido de humedad disminuy\uf3 los valores de las fracciones m\ue1s l\ue1biles (resina y NaHCO3) en ambos suelos, lo que implica, una mayor adsorci\uf3n del P al establecerse un mayor contacto entre las superficies adsorbentes y el f\uf3sforo reci\ue9n liberado de la roca fosf\uf3rica. Palabras clave adicionales: Adsorci\uf3n de P, biomasa microbiana, fraccionamiento de P, suelos \ue1cidos. ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to compare the dissolution of the phosphate rock (PR) Monte Fresco in two acidic soils very contrasting in physicochemical characteristics, through a scheme of fractionation at different periods of incubation and moisture contents. Iguana, a very sandy soil with a low natural fertility and low phosphate retention; and much more acid Bram\uf3n soil with a higher exchangeable Al content but with greater natural fertility and high capacity of phosphate retention. Iguana soil dissolved the PR in a greater proportion than the soil Bram\uf3n, since this soil, despite its strong acidity presented high levels of P (total and available) and exchangeable Ca which generated less appropriate conditions for the reaction of the PR. During incubation with PR, as a result of the redistribution of the major fractions of P (P-HCl and P-residual) originally present in the PR, occurred a significant increase for the P-resin and microbial-P fractions in Iguana soil; and in P-resin, microbial-P, NaOH-Pi and Po for Bram\uf3n soil, in this case, possibly associated with its higher C content. Higher moisture contents decreased more labile P-fractions (resin and NaHCO3) values in both soils, which implies, a higher adsorption of P due to a greater contact between the adsorbent surfaces and newly released P from the PR. Additional key words: Acid soils, microbial biomass, P-adsorption, P-fractionation. <br

Conversion of ethanol over transition metal oxide catalysts: Effect of tungsta addition on catalytic behaviour of titania and zirconia

Ethanol dehydration was investigated at atmospheric pressure with 1.43 h 121 WHSV in nitrogen, in the temperature range 423\u2013773K over titania and zirconia, as such and modified by addition of WO3. As for comparison, data on other WO3-free and WO3-containing catalysts are also discussed: a strong Lewis acid (alumina), a covalent oxide (silica) and a basic material (calcined hydrotalcite). The catalysts were characterized using FT-IR of adsorbed pyridine and of wolframate species, and by UV\u2013vis spectroscopy. The results presented here show that WO3/ZrO2 and WO3/TiO2 are excellent catalysts for ethanol dehydration. Their performances may compete with those of zeolites and alumina for conversion to diethyl ether and to ethylene. The addition of WO3 to both ZrO2 and TiO2 introduces strong Br\uf8nsted acid sites that are supposed to represent the active sites in the reaction, but also inhibits the formation of byproducts, i.e. acetaldehyde and higher hydrocarbons. This is attributed to the poisoning of basic sites and of reducible surface Ti and Zr centres, respectively