Les premiers ermitages et monastères en Irlande, 400-700 AD

The remains of several early hermitages and monasteries, dating to the period about 400-700 AD, are still well preserved in Ireland, particularly in the west of the country and on islands off the Atlantic coast. A sample of this evidence is analysed : buildings and other monuments, enclosures, layout. Some early cross-slabs are also described. An analysis of the various forms taken by the Tomb of the Founder Saint is provided, and some details of the daily lives of hermits and monks discussed. The most prominent of the devotional and ascetic practices of the hermits and their penitent visitors, the custom of An Turas (the pilgrimage round), is described and its monuments analysed.Les vestiges de plusieurs des premiers ermitages et monastères (400-700 environ) sont encore bien conservés en Irlande, surtout à l'ouest du pays et sur les îles de la côte atlantique. Des exemples témoins sont analysés : bâtiments et autres monuments, enceintes, tracés au sol. Quelques dalles cruciformes précoces sont également décrites. Les diverses formes données à la tombe du saint fondateur sont étudiées ainsi que certains détails de la vie quotidienne des moines et ermites. La pratique dévotionnelle et ascétique la plus frappante de ces ermites et de leurs visiteurs pénitents, à savoir la coutume d' An Turas (pèlerinage circulaire) est décrite et les monuments qui s'y réfèrent, analysés.Herity Michael. Les premiers ermitages et monastères en Irlande, 400-700 AD. In: Cahiers de civilisation médiévale, 36e année (n°143), Juillet-septembre 1993. pp. 219-261

Cutaneous markers of photo-damage and risk of basal cell carcinoma of the skin: A meta-analysis.

Epidemiologic research has shown that cutaneous markers of photo-damage are associated with risk of basal cell carcinoma (BCC). However, there has been no previous attempt to calculate pooled risk estimates. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis after extracting relevant studies published up to January 2013 from five electronic databases. Eligible studies were those that permitted quantitative assessment of the association between histologically confirmed BCC and actinic keratoses, solar elastosis, solar lentigines, or telangiectasia. Seven eligible studies were identified and summary odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using both random and quality effects models. Having more than ten actinic keratoses was most strongly associated with BCC, conferring up to a fivefold increase in risk (OR: 4.97; 95% CI: 3.26-7.58). Other factors, including solar elastosis, solar lentigines, and telangiectasia had weaker but positive associations with BCC with ORs around 1.5. Markers of chronic photo-damage are positively associated with BCC. The presence of actinic keratoses was the most strongly associated with BCC of the markers examined. This work highlights the relatively modest association between markers of chronic ultraviolet exposure and BCC