Modelling a Historic Oil-Tank Fire Allows an Estimation of the Sensitivity of the Infrared Receptors in Pyrophilous Melanophila Beetles

Pyrophilous jewel beetles of the genus Melanophila approach forest fires and there is considerable evidence that these beetles can detect fires from great distances of more than 60 km. Because Melanophila beetles are equipped with infrared receptors and are also attracted by hot surfaces it can be concluded that these infrared receptors are used for fire detection

Towards Improved Airborne Fire Detection Systems Using Beetle Inspired Infrared Detection and Fire Searching Strategies

Every year forest fires cause severe financial losses in many countries of the world. Additionally, lives of humans as well as of countless animals are often lost. Due to global warming, the problem of wildfires is getting out of control; hence, the burning of thousands of hectares is obviously increasing. Most important, therefore, is the early detection of an emerging fire before its intensity becomes too high. More than ever, a need for early warning systems capable of detecting small fires from distances as large as possible exists. A look to nature shows that pyrophilous “fire beetles” of the genus Melanophila can be regarded as natural airborne fire detection systems because their larvae can only develop in the wood of fire-killed trees. There is evidence that Melanophila beetles can detect large fires from distances of more than 100 km by visual and infrared cues. In a biomimetic approach, a concept has been developed to use the surveying strategy of the “fire beetles” for the reliable detection of a smoke plume of a fire from large distances by means of a basal infrared emission zone. Future infrared sensors necessary for this ability are also inspired by the natural infrared receptors of Melanophila beetles

Instationäre Temperaturentwicklung und Verformung von einseitig durch einen Wärmefluß beheizte Kühlplatten aus Kupfer für Neutralteilcheninjektoren

The present study deals with the heat-engineering design of plate-type targets with one-sided heat flux. The relevant analytic equations are compiled to calculate the non-steady temperature development for the one-dimensional case. A specially developed finite difference program can calculate the exact three-dimensional non-steady temperature field produced by a two-dimensional power density distribution. The plastic properties of the material can be used in determining the stresses and deformations from the temperature field computed. Calculations using a copper target from the neutral beam injector of the TEXTOR pilot facility are carried out as an example and compared with the results obtained from experiments on a scaleddown model. Furthermore, the results from the experimental cooling of hot cooling plates and a simple method of computation are presented

Comparison of the point source model, solid flame model and modified solid flame model for a crude oil pool fire with a diameter of 20 m without loss due to absorption and scattering.

<p>The numbers indicate: 1 modified solid flame model, emissive power Muñoz, Equation (8), flame height Heskestad, Equation (11). 2 solid flame model, emissive power FDT, Equation (6). 3 modified solid flame model, emissive power Muñoz, Equation (8), flame height Thomas, Equation (10). 4 point source model, emissive power Beyler, Equation (3). 5 point source model, emissive power McGrattan, Equation (2). 6 modified solid flame model, emissive power Beyler, Equation (9), flame height Heskestad, Equation (11). 7 modified solid flame model, emissive power Beyler, Equation (9), flame height Thomas, Equation (10). 8 solid flame model, emissive power Muñoz, Equation (7), flame height Thomas, Equation (10). 9 solid flame model, emissive power Muñoz, Equation (7), flame height Heskestad, Equation (11).</p

55.000-barrel storage tanks from Mexican Eagle Oil Co., beginning of the 20^th century [<b>99</b>].

<p>55.000-barrel storage tanks from Mexican Eagle Oil Co., beginning of the 20^th century <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0037627#pone.0037627-Products1" target="_blank">[<b>99</b>]</a>.</p

Point source model.

<p>Point source model.</p