Simple and convenient method for adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells serum-free medium development

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NOX2-Induced High Glycolytic Activity Contributes to the Gain of COL5A1-Mediated Mesenchymal Phenotype in GBM

The alteration of the cellular metabolism is a hallmark of glioma. The high glycolytic phenotype is a critical factor in the pathogenesis of high-grade glioma, including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). GBM has been stratified into three subtypes as the proneural, mesenchymal, and classical subtypes. High glycolytic activity was found in mesenchymal GBM relative to proneural GBM. NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) has been linked to cellular metabolism and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in tumors. The role of NOX2 in the regulation of the high glycolytic phenotype and the gain of the mesenchymal subtype in glioma remain unclear. Here, our results show that the levels of NOX2 were elevated in patients with GBM. NOX2 induces hexokinase 2 (HK2)-dependent high glycolytic activity in U87MG glioma cells. High levels of NOX2 are correlated with high levels of HK2 and glucose uptake in patients with GBM relative to benign glioma. Moreover, NOX2 increases the expression of mesenchymal-subtype-related genes, including COL5A1 and FN1 in U87MG glioma cells. High levels of NOX2 are correlated with high levels of COL5A1 and the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) in patients with GBM relative to benign glioma. Furthermore, high levels of HK2 are correlated with high levels of COL5A1 in patients with GBM relative to benign glioma. Our results suggest that NOX2-induced high glycolytic activity contributes to the gain of the COL5A1-mediated mesenchymal phenotype in GBM

Critical differences in 3D atomic structure of individual ligand-protected nanocrystals in solution.

Precise three-dimensional (3D) atomic structure determination of individual nanocrystals is a prerequisite for understanding and predicting their physical properties. Nanocrystals from the same synthesis batch display what are often presumed to be small but possibly important differences in size, lattice distortions, and defects, which can only be understood by structural characterization with high spatial 3D resolution. We solved the structures of individual colloidal platinum nanocrystals by developing atomic-resolution 3D liquid-cell electron microscopy to reveal critical intrinsic heterogeneity of ligand-protected platinum nanocrystals in solution, including structural degeneracies, lattice parameter deviations, internal defects, and strain. These differences in structure lead to substantial contributions to free energies, consequential enough that they must be considered in any discussion of fundamental nanocrystal properties or applications

Solution-Processed Hole-Doped SnSe Thermoelectric Thin-Film Devices for Low-Temperature Power Generation

Owing to the increase in the demand for energy autonomy in electronic systems, there has been increased research interest in thermoelectric thin-film-based energy harvesters. However, the fabrication of such devices is challenging when considering material performance and integration processes. SnSe has emerged as among the best bulk thermoelectric materials capable of functioning at high temperatures; however, the thermoelectric performance of thin films is still limited. Herein, we present a solution-processed fabrication of high-performance Ag-doped SnSe thin films operable in a low-temperature range. The Ag doping induces the preferred crystallographic orientation and grain growth in the b-c plane (in-plane) of SnSe, consequently enhancing thermoelectric performance at low temperatures. Moreover, thin-film wrinkling and photolithography are employed in the fabrication of stretchable and patterned devices, in which power generation performance is then evaluated, thereby demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed thin films as an energy harvester in emerging electronic systems