Favoriser l'autonomie et la créativité à travers une démarche par projets intégrant le numérique

The courses of German as a language for specialists of other disciplines at Stendhal university in Grenoble (France) is more and more based on a project-based approach. Through the (short) presentation of four projects - two of them are transversal and common to several courses - this paper tackles the question of the support of students' autonomy and, in contrast, the necessary input in terms of autonomy and creativity the students have to supply within these projects.L'enseignement de l'allemand au sein du service des langues pour spécialistes d'autres disciplines (Lansad) de l'université Stendhal Grenoble 3 (prochainement Grenoble-Alpes) s'inscrit, pour une partie de plus en plus large, dans un certain type de perspective actionnelle : la démarche par projets. A la lumière de la (brève) présentation de quatre projets, dont certains sont transversaux et communs à plusieurs cours, cet article est l'occasion de s'interroger sur le soutien à l'autonomie - ou à l'autonomisation - des étudiants et, de manière contrastive, le nécessaire apport par l'étudiant en termes d'autonomie et de créativité dans le cadre de ces projets

Favoriser l'autonomie et la créativité à travers une démarche par projets intégrant le numérique

The courses of German as a language for specialists of other disciplines at Stendhal university in Grenoble (France) is more and more based on a project-based approach. Through the (short) presentation of four projects - two of them are transversal and common to several courses - this paper tackles the question of the support of students' autonomy and, in contrast, the necessary input in terms of autonomy and creativity the students have to supply within these projects.L'enseignement de l'allemand au sein du service des langues pour spécialistes d'autres disciplines (Lansad) de l'université Stendhal Grenoble 3 (prochainement Grenoble-Alpes) s'inscrit, pour une partie de plus en plus large, dans un certain type de perspective actionnelle : la démarche par projets. A la lumière de la (brève) présentation de quatre projets, dont certains sont transversaux et communs à plusieurs cours, cet article est l'occasion de s'interroger sur le soutien à l'autonomie - ou à l'autonomisation - des étudiants et, de manière contrastive, le nécessaire apport par l'étudiant en termes d'autonomie et de créativité dans le cadre de ces projets

Influence of the built-up edge on the stress state in the chip formation zone during orthogonal cutting of AISI1045

In-situ strain measurements with high energy synchrotron radiation during orthogonal cutting of AISI1045 were carried out. Thereby it was possible to determine the stress state in the chip formation zone during the cutting process. As such, observations regarding the formation of built-up edges during the cutting process have been made. The formation of a built-up edge on the cutting tool is a common phenomenon during cutting of mild steel and other ductile materials, in particular at low cutting speeds. This may result in increased tool wear and a decrease in the resulting surface quality. By analyzing the chip roots of the in-situ experiments, it was possible to determine the geometry of the built-up edges on tools with a rake angle of γ = 0° and cutting edge radii of rβ = 30 μm and rβ = 60 μm. Using the obtained data a simulation model which represents the built-up edge could be established with two versions of the built-up edge: a solid one as part of the rigid tool and an elastic one in front of the tool. Using FEM cutting simulations with and without built-up edges, it was possible to show the influence of a built-up edge on the chip formation and the stress state in the chip formation zone. With this data, a comparison of the results of the cutting simulations with those of the in-situ experiments was conducted

Influence of the Built-up Edge on the Stress State in the Chip Formation Zone During Orthogonal Cutting of AISI1045

AbstractIn-situ strain measurements with high energy synchrotron radiation during orthogonal cutting of AISI1045 were carried out. Thereby it was possible to determine the stress state in the chip formation zone during the cutting process. As such, observations regarding the formation of built-up edges during the cutting process have been made. The formation of a built-up edge on the cutting tool is a common phenomenon during cutting of mild steel and other ductile materials, in particular at low cutting speeds. This may result in increased tool wear and a decrease in the resulting surface quality. By analyzing the chip roots of the in-situ experiments, it was possible to determine the geometry of the built-up edges on tools with a rake angle of γ = 0° and cutting edge radii of rβ = 30 μm and rβ = 60 μm. Using the obtained data a simulation model which represents the built-up edge could be established with two versions of the built-up edge: a solid one as part of the rigid tool and an elastic one in front of the tool. Using FEM cutting simulations with and without built-up edges, it was possible to show the influence of a built-up edge on the chip formation and the stress state in the chip formation zone. With this data, a comparison of the results of the cutting simulations with those of the in-situ experiments was conducted

A genome phylogeny for mitochondria among alpha-proteobacteria and a predominantly eubacterial ancestry of yeast nuclear genes

Analyses of 55 individual and 31 concatenated protein data sets encoded in Reclinomonas americana and Marchantia polymorpha mitochondrial genomes revealed that current methods for constructing phylogenetic trees are insufficiently sensitive (or artifact-insensitive) to ascertain the sister of mitochondria among the current sample of eight alpha-proteobacterial genomes using mitochondrially-encoded proteins. However, Rhodospirillum rubrum came as close to mitochondria as any alpha-proteobacterium investigated. This prompted a search for methods to directly compare eukaryotic genomes to their prokaryotic counterparts to investigate the origin of the mitochondrion and its host from the standpoint of nuclear genes. We examined pairwise amino acid sequence identity in comparisons of 6,214 nuclear protein-coding genes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae to 177,117 proteins encoded in sequenced genomes from 45 eubacteria and 15 archaebacteria. The results reveal that approximately 75% of yeast genes having homologues among the present prokaryotic sample share greater amino acid sequence identity to eubacterial than to archaebacterial homologues. At high stringency comparisons, only the eubacterial component of the yeast genome is detectable. Our findings indicate that at the levels of overall amino acid sequence identity and gene content, yeast shares a sister-group relationship with eubacteria, not with archaebacteria, in contrast to the current phylogenetic paradigm based on ribosomal RNA. Among eubacteria and archaebacteria, proteobacterial and methanogen genomes, respectively, shared more similarity with the yeast genome than other prokaryotic genomes surveyed

Uncanny avoiding in virtual valley the character design

AlternativeReviewe

FaceMaker—A Procedural Face Generator to Foster Character Design Research

Unknow