“Tales and Adventures”: G.A. Henty’s Union Jack and the Competitive World of Publishing for Boys in the 1880s’

In the competitive publishing environment of the late nineteenth century, writers and magazines had to distinguish themselves carefully from potential rivals. This article examines how G.A. Henty’s quality boys’ weekly, Union Jack (1880-83), attempted to secure a niche in the juvenile publishing market by deliberately distinguishing itself from other papers as a literary, imperialist and “healthy” publication. The article explores the design and marketing techniques of the magazine, its status as a fiction paper, the high calibre of its contributors, and its aggressive rhetoric in targeting an exclusively masculine audience. It argues that while Union Jack was marketed as a niche publication, it eventually failed to distinguish itself sufficiently to survive in an extremely competitive environment

In-plane effects on segmented-mirror control

Extremely large optical telescopes are being designed with primary mirrors composed of hundreds of segments. The “out-of-plane” piston, tip, and tilt degrees of freedom of each segment are actively controlled using feedback from relative height measurements between neighboring segments. The “in-plane” segment translations and clocking (rotation) are not actively controlled; however, in-plane motions affect the active control problem in several important ways, and thus need to be considered. We extend earlier analyses by constructing the “full” interaction matrix that relates the height, gap, and shear motion at sensor locations to all six degrees of freedom of segment motion, and use this to consider three effects. First, in-plane segment clocking results in height discontinuities between neighboring segments that can lead to a global control system response. Second, knowledge of the in-plane motion is required both to compensate for this effect and to compensate for sensor installation errors, and thus, we next consider the estimation of in-plane motion and the associated noise propagation characteristics. In-plane motion can be accurately estimated using measurements of the gap between segments, but with one unobservable mode in which every segment clocks by an equal amount. Finally, we examine whether in-plane measurements (gap and/or shear) can be used to estimate out-of-plane segment motion; these measurements can improve the noise multiplier for the “focus-mode” of the segmented-mirror array, which involves pure dihedral angle changes between segments and is not observable with only height measurements

Soft Covariant Gauges on the Lattice

We present an exploratory study of a one-parameter family of covariant, non-perturbative lattice gauge-fixing conditions, that can be implemented through a simple Monte Carlo algorithm. We demonstrate that at the numerical level the procedure is feasible, and as a first application we examine the gauge dependence of the gluon propagator.Comment: 11 pages, Latex, epsf.sty included + 5 PostScript picture

The Hyperfine Splitting in Charmonium: Lattice Computations Using the Wilson and Clover Fermion Actions

We compute the hyperfine splitting $m_{J/\psi}-m_{\eta_c}$ on the lattice, using both the Wilson and $O(a)$-improved (clover) actions for quenched quarks. The computations are performed on a $24^3\times48$ lattice at $\beta = 6.2$, using the same set of 18 gluon configurations for both fermion actions. We find that the splitting is 1.83\err{13}{15} times larger with the clover action than with the Wilson action, demonstrating the sensitivity of the spin-splitting to the magnetic moment term which is present in the clover action. However, even with the clover action the result is less than half of the physical mass-splitting. We also compute the decay constants $f_{\eta_c}$ and $f^{-1}_{J/\psi}$, both of which are considerably larger when computed using the clover action than with the Wilson action. For example for the ratio $f^{-1}_{J/\psi}/f^{-1}_{\rho}$ we find 0.32\err{1}{2} with the Wilson action and $0.48\pm 3$ with the clover action (the physical value is 0.44(2)).Comment: LaTeX file, 8 pages and two postscript figures. Southampton Preprint: SHEP 91/92-27 Edinburgh Preprint: 92/51

Preliminary heavy-light decay constants from the MILC collaboration

Preliminary results from the MILC collaboration for $f_B$, $f_{B_s}$, $f_D$, $f_{D_s}$ and their ratios are presented. We compute in the quenched approximation at $\beta=6.3$, 6.0 and 5.7 with Wilson light quarks and static and Wilson heavy quarks. We attempt to quantify systematic errors due to finite volume, finite lattice spacing, large $am$, and fitting and extrapolation uncertainties. The hopping parameter approach of Henty and Kenway is used to treat the heavy quarks; the sources are Coulomb gauge gaussians.Comment: 3 pages, compressed postscript (uufiles), talk given at Lattice '9

Systematic review and meta-analysis of the epidemiology of polyautoimmunity in Sjögren’s syndrome (secondary Sjögren’s syndrome) focusing on autoimmune rheumatic diseases

Healthcare on license from Scandinavian Rheumatology Research Foundation Objective: The epidemiology of polyautoimmunity in Sjögren’s syndrome (secondary Sjögren’s syndrome – sSS) is not well defined and has not been investigated before using a systematic approach. We conducted a systematic review of the epidemiology of sSS associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), scleroderma, and myositis, assessing the prevalence rates (PRs) and clinical and serological features of sSS. Method: A systematic literature search of PubMed and Embase databases (updated to March 2016) was performed to identify all published data on PR, demographic profile, clinical manifestations, laboratory features, and causes of death associated with sSS. The PR’s of sSS were summarized with PRs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: The literature search identified 1639 citations, of which 42 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Only 19 studies were of moderate to good quality and were selected for the meta-analysis. According to a random-effects model, the pooled PR for sSS associated with RA was 19.5% (95% CI 11.2 to 27.8) and the pooled PR for sSS associated with SLE was 13.96% (95% CI 8.88 to 19.04). The female/male ratio of sSS in the RA population was 14.7 (95% CI 7.09 to 256) and in the SLE population was 16.82 (95% CI 1.22 to 32.4). Conclusion: Prevalence rates of sSS vary widely in different populations. Both meta-analyses conducted in the RA and SLE populations were characterized by a high degree of study heterogeneity. The results of this meta-analysis highlight the need for better quality population studies