Antibiotic resistance and adhesion properties of oral Enterococci associated to dental caries

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Enterococci </it>are increasingly associated with opportunistic infections in Humans but the role of the oral cavity as a reservoir for this species is unclear. This study aimed to explore the carriage rate of Enterococci in the oral cavity of Tunisian children and their antimicrobial susceptibility to a broad range of antibiotics together with their adherence ability to abiotic and biotic surfaces.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In this study, 17 <it>E. faecalis </it>(27.5%) and 4 <it>E. faecium </it>(6.5%) were detected. The identified strains showed resistance to commonly used antibiotics. Among the 17 isolated <it>E. faecalis</it>, 12 strains (71%) were slime producers and 5 strains were non-producers. Among the 4 <it>E. faecium</it>, 2 strains were slime producers. All the tested strains were able to adhere to at least one of the two tested cell lines. Our result showed that 11 <it>E. faecalis </it>and 2 <it>E. faecium </it>strains adhered strongly to Hep-2 as well as to A549 cells.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Drugs resistance and strong biofilm production abilities together with a high phenotypic adhesion to host cells are important equipment in <it>E. faecalis </it>and <it>E. faecium </it>which lead to their oral cavity colonization and focal infections.</p

Oral fibrolipoma

Lipoma is a benign mesenchymal tumor of adipocytes.1 It is most common in mid-aged adults with no gender predilection.2 It is uncommon in the oral cavity and represents 1 to 4% of all benign lesions in this area. Oral lipoma was first described by Roux in 1848 as “yellow epulis”.3 Clinically, it presents as a painless, soft, slow-growing mass covered by normal mucosa that may be yellowish depending on its depth. It can be pedunculated or sessile.4 Histopathologically, several subtypes were described, such as angiomyolipomas, myelolipomas, fibrolipomas, ossifying lipoma, hibernomas, spindle cell lipomas, pleomorphic lipomas, chondroid lipomas, and neural fibrolipomas.5 Fibrolipomas count as 1.6% of all lipomas.3 The mean diameter in the oral cavity is 2 cm, frequently causing esthetic deformity, chewing, and speaking problems.3 The treatment is surgical excision. With complete excision of the capsule, the recurrence rate is very low.5 The etiology of lipomas remains unclear. Some hypotheses suggested that trauma and inflammation stimulate preadipocyte differentiation and maturation. Genetic factors were also observed in a few cases, with familial hereditary forms of multiple lesions and chromosomal aberration in 12q, 13q, and 6p chromosomes in other cases. Other studies proposed endocrine imbalance in the pathogenesis of fibrolipoma and was linked to diabetes, hormonal therapy, and lipid metabolism disorders.1,3,5 Typically, the diagnosis of oral lipoma is made clinically and does not require radiographic examination. However, soft tissue radiography is mandatory in case of pain, rapid growth, giant size, or fixation to the surrounding tissues.1 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been reported to be the most required imaging technique for diagnosing lipomas; they display high signal intensity and appear to be well-encapsulated masses on both T1- and T2-weighted images.6 Differential diagnosis includes herniated buccal fat, fibroma, neurofibroma, dermoid cyst, benign salivary gland tumor, hibernomas, angiolipomas, and liposarcoma.4 Rare cases of intramuscular and intraosseous lipomas were reported.5 Multiple lipomas can be a manifestation of syndromes like multiple familial lipomatosis, benign symmetric lipomatosis (Madelung disease), Gardner syndrome, and adiposis dolorosa.1 Histopathologically, the fibrolipoma variant is characterized by focally increased fibrous tissue intermixed with lobules of mature adipose cells.5 In immunohistochemistry, it shows vimentin positivity. Also, higher Ki-67 antibody expression in fibrolipoma compared to other lipoma variants is indicative of higher proliferative activity and thus related to higher recurrence and malignant transformation. Consequently, fibrolipoma requires a more meticulous follow-up.4 Figure 1 refers to a 49-year-old man referred to the oral surgery department for a buccal nodule that has been evolving for 17 years. He reported slight discomfort in chewing, slow growth of the mass, and no pain. Personal and family histories were noncontributory. Clinical examination revealed a 2 cm pedunculated, pink-yellow, soft nodule on the right buccal mucosa (Figure 1A). This typical presentation was sufficient to suspect the diagnosis of lipoma, and radiographic examination was not required. The mass was wholly removed surgically (Figure 1B). The histological examination showed mature adipose proliferation associated with paucicellular fibrous tissue, consistent with a fibrolipoma (Figure 1C-1D). The patient remains under regular follow-up. Figure 1 Oral fibrolipoma, A - intraoral view of a 2 cm pedunculated nodule on the right buccal mucosa; B - macroscopic view of the excised specimen cut in the middle (scale bar= 1 cm); C and D - mature adipose proliferation associated with paucicellular fibrous tissue (C: H&amp;E x100; D: H&amp;Ex400).

Cone-beam computed tomography exploration and surgical management of palatal, inverted, and impacted mesiodens

Supernumerary teeth are extra teeth or toothlike structures which may have either erupted or unerupted in addition to the 20 deciduous teeth and the 32 permanent teeth. Mesiodens is one of these located in the midline between the two central incisors. Their presence may give rise to a variety of clinical problems. This paper describes a rare case of palatal placed, inverted and impacted mesiodens associated to two supernumerary teeth which were detected during a radiographic examination for delayed eruption of permanent central incisors in the case of a healthy 8-year-old girl monitored at the oral surgery service while discussing the usefulness of cone beam computed tomography for accurate diagnosis and management

Microalgae: A Promising Source of Bioactive Phycobiliproteins

Phycobiliproteins are photosynthetic light-harvesting pigments isolated from microalgae with fluorescent, colorimetric and biological properties, making them a potential commodity in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries. Hence, improving their metabolic yield is of great interest. In this regard, the present review aimed, first, to provide a detailed and thorough overview of the optimization of culture media elements, as well as various physical parameters, to improve the large-scale manufacturing of such bioactive molecules. The second section of the review offers systematic, deep and detailed data about the current main features of phycobiliproteins. In the ultimate section, the health and nutritional claims related to these bioactive pigments, explaining their noticeable potential for biotechnological uses in various fields, are examined

Piezoelectric-Assisted Removal of a Mandibular Cementoossifying Fibroma: An Innovative Technique

Diagnosis of cementoossifying fibroma is oriented by the clinical and radiological aspects of the lesion. Histology confirms the diagnosis. Treatment is surgical with enucleation-resection depending on the lesion size or wider resection with bone reconstruction in cases of large fibromas. The use of piezoelectric bone surgery is associated with low surgical trauma, exceptional precision, and fast healing response. It also allows easy performance of complex osteotomy and reduces the necessary dimensions of mucoperiosteal dissection. The purpose of the present article was to present the advantages of piezoelectric-assisted surgical removal of a cementoosseous fibroma of the mandible and to provide a precise description of the procedure using atraumatic surgery

Tumeur odontogène adénomatoïde : à propos d'un cas à localisation mandibulaire associé à une prémolaire incluse

Une patiente âgée de 20 ans consulte pour une tuméfaction parasymphysaire gauche évoluant depuis quelques mois. L'examen clinique montre une tuméfaction dure et indolore avec, à l'examen endobuccal, un comblement du vestibule allant de la 33 à la 36 avec absence de la 34. Les dents de voisinage sont vivantes. L'examen radiologique révèle une image radioclaire uniloculaire en rapport avec la couronne de la 34 qui est incluse. L'aspect est évocateur d'un kyste péricoronaire. L'étude histologique de la pièce opératoire conclut qu'il s'agit d'une tumeur odontogène adénomatoïde. (Med Buccale Chir Buccale 2008 ; 14 : 221-225)

Gingival Melanin Depigmentation by 808 nm Diode Laser: Report of a Case

Gingival hyperpigmentation frequently poses an aesthetic problem, especially in patients with gingival smile. This paper presents the use of a 808 nm pulsed diode laser for gingival depigmentation in a 22-year-old male patient, with a frequency of 20,000 Hz, a peak power of 5 W, and a pulse width of 26 microseconds, using a 400 nm flexible optic fiber. The hyperpigmented gingival tissue was removed without bleeding or postoperative pain. Three weeks later, the gum resumed its normal, firm, and pink appearance. No significant recurrence was noted after a follow-up of 4 months. However, perfect control of this device is necessary to avoid certain consequences such as bone exposure or gingival fenestrations

Syndrome de Melkersson-Rosenthal à caractère familial : à propos d’un cas

Un patient âgé de 18 ans consulte pour une macrochéilite supérieure évoluant par poussées sans que la lèvre reprenne son aspect normal entre les poussées. L’anamnèse révèle un antécédent de paralysie faciale périphérique gauche. L’examen endobuccal montre entre autres une langue plicaturée et un oedème gingival. Devant cette triade symptomatique, le diagnostic clinique du syndrome de Melkersson-Rosenthal a été établi. La récidive de l’oedème a soulevé des difficultés thérapeutiques. L’enquête auprès de la famille du patient a permis d’établir l’arbre généalogique permettant de retrouver ces atteintes chez certains membres de cette famille. Med Buccale Chir Buccale 2008 ; 14 : 29-34

Fibrome ossifiant mandibulaire associé à une canine incluse

Une patiente âgée de 25 ans a consulté pour une tuméfaction mandibulaire, parasymphysaire gauche, non douloureuse, d’évolution lente. À l’examen clinique, des anomalies dentaires ont été révélées, en particulier la persistance de la 73 sur l’arcade et l’absence de la 33. L’examen radiologique a montré une image mixte bien limitée juxtaposée à la 33 incluse. Le traitement a comporté l’extraction de la 33, l’exérèse complète de la lésion et le curetage de la cavité osseuse. L’examen histopathologique a conclu au diagnostic de fibrome ossifiant. L’association de cette tumeur à une dent incluse est exceptionnelle

Mucosal coronally positioned flap technique for management of excessive gingival display

Improvement of smile esthetics is a major goal of modern dentistry. Various treatment modalities have been proposed to correct excessive gingival display, depending on intraoral or extraoral etiologies. This report aimed to document the use of mucosal coronally positioned flap called surgical lip repositioning technique for the management of a gummy smile associated with vertical maxillary excess. The procedure restricts the muscle pull of the elevator lip muscles by shortening the vestibule, thus reducing the gingival display when smiling. Rapid surgical healing with minimal postoperative sequelae was observed. The follow up examinations showed esthetic satisfaction up to 6 months postoperatively, at the end of one year a partial relapse was observed. Although the short-term stable results of lip repositioning surgery appear satisfying postoperatively, its utility as a long-term treatment option remains questionable. More studies with larger sample size and long-term follow-up are necessary to establish the level of scientific evidence of this procedure