974 research outputs found
The American Military Chaplaincy and Its Relationship to the Issue of Church and State
The relationship of church and state in the United States is still a live issue today. The tension which exists within this relationship was again brought to public attention through the recent hearings of the cases before the United States Supreme Court regarding Bible reading and prayer in the public schools. A television special on churches and taxation also raised anew an issue which is increasing in tension. In addition, a prime focus of this tension has been centered in the discussion of the church\u27s role over against the Vietnam War.
One particular facet of the debate on the relationship of church and state is the issue of the military chaplaincy. This is a controversial issue with which philosophy-of-government and legal analysts, as well as theologians, have wrestled throughout the history of our country. The task of this thesis is to examine the various positions held or suggested over against the United States military chaplaincy as it becomes a matter of discussion in the issue of the relationship of church and state
USPTO Issues Supplementary Examination Guidelines Explaining the Requirement for Clarity in Patent Claims
The US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) recently published Supplementary Examination Guidelines on the requirement that proper patent claims must allow the public to clearly distinguish what infringes from what does not. The Guidelines focus to some degree on computer-implemented inventions. The Guidelines acknowledge that computer implemented inventions have βunique examination issues.β But the Guidelines are important to patent applicants in all fields, perhaps more so in newer technologies with developing terminology, or where the invention is otherwise difficult to put into words
Investigation of a direction sensitive sapphire detector stack at the 5 GeV electron beam at DESY-II
Extremely radiation hard sensors are needed in particle physics experiments
to instrument the region near the beam pipe. Examples are beam halo and beam
loss monitors at the Large Hadron Collider, FLASH or XFEL. Currently artificial
diamond sensors are widely used. In this paper single crystal sapphire sensors
are considered as a promising alternative. Industrially grown sapphire wafers
are available in large sizes, are of low cost and, like diamond sensors, can be
operated without cooling. Here we present results of an irradiation study done
with sapphire sensors in a high intensity low energy electron beam. Then, a
multichannel direction-sensitive sapphire detector stack is described. It
comprises 8 sapphire plates of 1 cm^2 size and 525 micro m thickness,
metallized on both sides, and apposed to form a stack. Each second metal layer
is supplied with a bias voltage, and the layers in between are connected to
charge-sensitive preamplifiers. The performance of the detector was studied in
a 5 GeV electron beam. The charge collection efficiency measured as a function
of the bias voltage rises with the voltage, reaching about 10 % at 950 V. The
signal size obtained from electrons crossing the stack at this voltage is about
22000 e, where e is the unit charge.
The signal size is measured as a function of the hit position, showing
variations of up to 20 % in the direction perpendicular to the beam and to the
electric field. The measurement of the signal size as a function of the
coordinate parallel to the electric field confirms the prediction that mainly
electrons contribute to the signal. Also evidence for the presence of a
polarisation field was observed.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figures, 3 table
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΌΠΎΡΠ°Π·Π²Π΅Π΄ΠΊΠΈ
Preferred orientation of n-hexane crystallized in silicon nanochannels: A combined x-ray diffraction and sorption isotherm study
We present an x-ray diffraction study on n-hexane in tubular silicon channels
of approximately 10 nm diameter both as a function of the filling fraction f of
the channels and as a function of temperature. Upon cooling, confined n-hexane
crystallizes in a triclinic phase typical of the bulk crystalline state.
However, the anisotropic spatial confinement leads to a preferred orientation
of the confined crystallites, where the crystallographic direction
coincides with the long axis of the channels. The magnitude of this preferred
orientation increases with the filling fraction, which corroborates the
assumption of a Bridgman-type crystallization process being responsible for the
peculiar crystalline texture. This growth process predicts for a channel-like
confinement an alignment of the fastest crystallization direction parallel to
the long channel axis. It is expected to be increasingly effective with the
length of solidifying liquid parcels and thus with increasing f. In fact, the
fastest solidification front is expected to sweep over the full silicon
nanochannel for f=1, in agreement with our observation of a practically perfect
texture for entirely filled nanochannels
ΠΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ²
ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΅Π΅ Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΡ Π² ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅Ρ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ
AT III - ein neues therapeutisches Konzept bei der Behandlung der Sepsis und beim Organversagen?
Π€ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΠΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΈ (ΠΡΠΈΠΏΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ±, Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΡΡΡ)
Stationary Properties of a Randomly Driven Ising Ferromagnet
We consider the behavior of an Ising ferromagnet obeying the Glauber dynamics
under the influence of a fast switching, random external field. Analytic
results for the stationary state are presented in mean-field approximation,
exhibiting a novel type of first order phase transition related to dynamic
freezing. Monte Carlo simulations performed on a quadratic lattice indicate
that many features of the mean field theory may survive the presence of
fluctuations.Comment: 5 pages in RevTex format, 7 eps/ps figures, send comments to
"mailto:[email protected]", submitted to PR
- β¦