The effects of transients on photospheric and chromospheric power distributions

We have observed a quiet Sun region with the Swedish 1-meter Solar Telescope (SST) equipped with CRISP Imaging SpectroPolarimeter. High-resolution, high-cadence, H$\alpha$ line scanning images were taken to observe different layers of the solar atmosphere from the photosphere to upper chromosphere. We study the distribution of power in different period-bands at different heights. Power maps of the upper photosphere and the lower chromosphere show suppressed power surrounding the magnetic-network elements, known as "magnetic shadows". These also show enhanced power close to the photosphere, traditionally referred to as "power halos". The interaction between acoustic waves and inclined magnetic fields is generally believed to be responsible for these two effects. In this study we explore if small-scale transients can influence the distribution of power at different heights. We show that the presence of transients, like mottles, Rapid Blueshifted Excursions (RBEs) and Rapid Redshifted Excursions (RREs), can strongly influence the power-maps. The short and finite lifetime of these events strongly affects all powermaps, potentially influencing the observed power distribution. We show that Doppler-shifted transients like RBEs and RREs that occur ubiquitously, can have a dominant effect on the formation of the power halos in the quiet Sun. For magnetic shadows, transients like mottles do not seem to have a significant effect in the power suppression around 3 minutes and wave interaction may play a key role here. Our high cadence observations reveal that flows, waves and shocks manifest in presence of magnetic fields to form a non-linear magnetohydrodynamic system.Comment: 11 pages, 11 Figures, 4 movies (will be available online in ApJ). ApJ (accepted

Breastfeeding experiences and women's self-concept: Negotiations and dilemmas in the transition to motherhood

Introduction: Breastfeeding is much more than a biological event. It is a social construction, full of cultural meanings and framed by social structures. Being, simultaneously, a natural event and a social practice, breastfeeding poses challenges to feminist approaches in the sense it may be acknowledged as an empowering practice for women and/or as a setback in the process of women's social emancipation. Often focused on the product, i.e., the milk and its beneficial properties for the infant's health, the dominant discourse on breastfeeding makes it a trait of good mothering, withdrawing the understanding of the particular (but also structural) contexts in which this practice occurs. Methods: Based on results from a focus group with five mothers of a first child, this paper addresses first-person testimonies about breastfeeding and transition to motherhood, aiming to capture eventual self-concept dilemmas, impacts of social judgments, difficulties related to the work-family balance, as well as negotiation processes taking place within couples and early-parents. Results and discussion: Despite being subject to tensions and sometimes stressful adaptation processes, motherhood and breastfeeding tend to be ultimately described by women as experiences that enhance welcome changes in personal trajectories, life priorities and identities.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Stable Umbral Chromospheric Structures

Aims. To understand the morphology of the chromosphere in sunspot umbra. We investigate if the horizontal structures observed in the spectral core of the Ca II H line are ephemeral visuals caused by the shock dynamics of more stable structures, and examine their relationship with observables in the H-alpha line. Methods. Filtergrams in the core of the Ca II H and H-alpha lines as observed with the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope are employed. We utilise a technique that creates composite images and tracks the flash propagation horizontally. Results. We find 0"15 wide horizontal structures, in all of the three target sunspots, for every flash where the seeing was moderate to good. Discrete dark structures are identified that are stable for at least two umbral flashes, as well as systems of structures that live for up to 24 minutes. We find cases of extremely extended structures with similar stability, with one such structure showing an extent of 5". Some of these structures have a correspondence in H-alpha but we were unable to find a one to one correspondence for every occurrence. If the dark streaks are formed at the same heights as umbral flashes then there are systems of structures with strong departures from the vertical for all three analysed sunspots. Conclusions. Long-lived Ca II H filamentary horizontal structures are a common and likely ever-present feature in the umbra of sunspots. If the magnetic field in the chromosphere of the umbra is indeed aligned with the structures, then the present theoretical understanding of the typical umbra needs to be revisited.Comment: Accepted to Astronomy and Astrophysics. Online material (Fig3.mov and Fig4.mov) will be available at A&

Diluted Random Fields in Mixed Cyanide Crystals

A percolation argument and a dilute compressible random field Ising model are used to present a simple model for mixed cyanide crystals. The model reproduces quantitatively several features of the phase diagrams altough some crude approximations are made. In particular critical thresholds x_c at which ferroelastic first order transitions disappear, are calculated. Moreover, transitions are found to remain first order down to x_c for all mixtures except for bromine, for which the transition becomes continuous. All the results are in full agreement with experimental data.Comment: 8 pages, late

A Nonrandomized, Open-Label, Multicenter, Phase 4 Pilot Study on the Effect and Safety of ILUVIEN® in Chronic Diabetic Macular Edema Patients Considered Insufficiently Responsive to Available Therapies (RESPOND)

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of ILUVIEN® in patients with chronic diabetic macular edema (DME) who were insufficiently responsive to prior therapies. METHODS: This is a prospective, nonrandomized, multicenter, open-label, phase 4 pilot study assessing the effectiveness and safety of ILUVIEN® involving 12 patients insufficiently responsive to available therapies. Assessments were performed at screening, baseline, week 1, and months 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12. Demographics, medical/ophthalmic history, prior laser, anti-VEGF, and steroid treatments, and lab tests were recorded at screening. A complete ophthalmic examination and SD-OCT were performed at screening and at all follow-up visits. RESULTS: The patients showed improvements in best-corrected visual acuity (+3.7 letters), with greater improvement among pseudophakic patients (+6.8 letters) compared with phakic patients (-2.5 letters) 12 months after ILUVIEN®. The mean central subfield thickness decrease from baseline to month 12 was statistically significant, with a rapid reduction in the first week. Regarding safety, only 2 patients showed an intraocular pressure (IOP) increase over 25 mm Hg during the study, and the rise in IOP was well managed with eye drops only. CONCLUSIONS: This prospective and pilot study suggests that ILUVIEN® is safe and may be considered effective for chronic DME patients insufficiently responsive to other available therapies as it showed a rapid and sustained improvement of macular edema obtained after treatment with ILUVIEN®.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Bi-local baryon interpolating fields with two flavours

We construct bi-local interpolating field operators for baryons consisting of three quarks with two flavors, assuming good isospin symmetry. We use the restrictions following from the Pauli principle to derive relations/identities among the baryon operators with identical quantum numbers. Such relations that follow from the combined spatial, Dirac, color, and isospin Fierz transformations may be called the (total/complete) Fierz identities. These relations reduce the number of independent baryon operators with any given spin and isospin. We also study the Abelian and non-Abelian chiral transformation properties of these fields and place them into baryon chiral multiplets. Thus we derive the independent baryon interpolating fields with given values of spin (Lorentz group representation), chiral symmetry ($U_L(2) \times U_R(2)$ group representation) and isospin appropriate for the first angular excited states of the nucleon.Comment: 15 pages, 4 tables, accepted by EPJ

Intercomparison of aerosol optical depth measurements in the UVB using Brewer Spectrophotometers and a Li-Cor Spectrophotometer

The first Iberian UV radiation intercomparison was held at “El Arenosillo”-Huelva station of the Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespatial (INTA) from September 1 to 10, 1999. During this campaign, seven Brewer spectrophotometers and one Li-Cor spectrophotometer measured the total column aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 306, 310, 313.5, 316.75 and 320 nm. The AOD calibration of one Brewer was transferred to all other Brewers using one day of intensive measurements. The remaining days were used to observe the stability and reproducibility of the AOD measurements by the different instruments. All Brewer spectrophotometers agreed to within an AOD of 0.03 during the whole measurement campaign. The differences in AOD between the Li-Cor spectrophotometer and the Brewer spectrophotometers were between −0.07 and +0.02 at 313.5, 316.75, and 320 nm. This investigation demonstrates the possibility of using the existing worldwide Brewer network as a global UV aerosol network for AOD monitoring.The first Iberian UV radiation intercomparison was supported by the CICYT, project CLI97- 0345-C05-05 under the coordination of INM

An Exact Calculation of the Energy Density of Cosmological Gravitational Waves

In this paper we calculate the Bogoliubov coefficients and the energy density of the stochastic gravitational wave background for a universe that undergoes inflation followed by radiation domination and matter domination, using a formalism that gives the Bogoliubov coefficients as continous functions of time. By making a reasonable assumption for the equation of state during reheating, we obtain in a natural way the expected high frequency cutoff in the spectral energy density.Comment: 12 pages+5 figures, uuencoded file,DF/IST-2.9

Study of the Transition Effect with the ATLAS Tile Calorimeter

With the aim to establish the electromagnetic energy scale of the ATLAS Tile calorimeter and understanding the performance of the calorimeter to electrons 12% of modules have been exposed in electron beams with various energies. On a basis of the obtained electromagnetic calibration constants we have determined the e/mip values in dependence of the absorber thickness using different beam incident angles. We have observed the transition effect (e/mip < 1) and, for the first time, its behaviour as a function of the absorber thickness --- the e/mip ratio decreases logarithmically when the absorber thickness increases this is well described by the GEANT4 version 6.2 Monte Carlo simulation. These results are important for precision electromagnetic energy scale determination for the ATLAS Tile calorimeter